Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 70
Then he called to him two of his chiefs and said, "Go now to King Marsilas and say to him: I come to help you against the men of France.
Who acts: Emir · What happens: call, say, go, come, help · To what, where: foot, King Marsilas, Emir · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 called | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | obl |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 called | xcomp |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 chiefs | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 chiefs | nmod:poss |
| 9 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 two | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Go | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Go | punct |
| 14 | Go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | ccomp |
| 15 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 Go | advmod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 Marsilas | case |
| 17 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Marsilas | compound |
| 18 | Marsilas | Marsilas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Go | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 say | cc |
| 20 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 14 Go | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 him | case |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 say | obl |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 come | punct |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 come | nsubj |
| 25 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 help | mark |
| 27 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 come | xcomp |
| 28 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 help | obj |
| 29 | against | against | ADP | _ | 31 men | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 men | det |
| 31 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 help | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 France | case |
| 33 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 men | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | Emir | foot | then | two of Emir's chiefs xcomp | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Emir not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | go in a quote | infinitive | King Marsilas | now | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to marsilas=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | Emir | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | come in a quote | present | Emir | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | help in a quote | to-infinitive | Emir not said here | foot | against the men of France | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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