Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 95
Then the envoys returned to the Emir, and told him all that happened--how King Charles had left Roland and the Peers to guard the passes, and how they had been slain, and what great loss King Marsilas had suffered, and how he yielded to him the whole land of Spain, and how King Charles and his men were in camp by the Ebro.
Who acts: envoys, that, Charles · What happens: return, tell, happen, leave, guard, be · To what, where: Emir, Roland, passes, slain, great loss, whole land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (envoys, that, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 returned | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 envoys | det |
| 3 | envoys | envoy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 returned | nsubj |
| 4 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 Emir | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Emir | det |
| 7 | Emir | Emir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 returned | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 told | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 told | cc |
| 10 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 returned | conj |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 told | iobj |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 happened | det:predet |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 happened | nsubj |
| 14 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 told | ccomp |
| 15 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 20 left | punct |
| 16 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 left | advmod |
| 17 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 18 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 left | nsubj |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 left | aux |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 told | conj |
| 21 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 Peers | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Peers | det |
| 24 | Peers | Peer | PROPN | Number=Plur | 21 Roland | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 guard | mark |
| 26 | guard | guard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 left | advcl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 passes | det |
| 28 | passes | pass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 guard | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 slain | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 slain | cc |
| 31 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 slain | advmod |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 slain | nsubj |
| 33 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 slain | aux |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 slain | cop |
| 35 | slain | slain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 returned | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 suffered | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 suffered | cc |
| 38 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 44 suffered | obj |
| 39 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 loss | amod |
| 40 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 suffered | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 suffered | nsubj |
| 42 | Marsilas | Marsilas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 King | flat |
| 43 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 suffered | aux |
| 44 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 returned | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 yielded | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 yielded | cc |
| 47 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 49 yielded | advmod |
| 48 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 yielded | nsubj |
| 49 | yielded | yield | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 returned | conj |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 51 him | case |
| 51 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 yielded | obl |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 land | det |
| 53 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 land | amod |
| 54 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 yielded | obj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 Spain | case |
| 56 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 land | nmod |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 camp | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 camp | cc |
| 59 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 67 camp | advmod |
| 60 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 61 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 camp | nsubj |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 men | cc |
| 63 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 men | nmod:poss |
| 64 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 Charles | conj |
| 65 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 camp | cop |
| 66 | in | in | ADP | _ | 67 camp | case |
| 67 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 yielded | obl |
| 68 | by | by | ADP | _ | 70 Ebro | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 Ebro | det |
| 70 | Ebro | ebro | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 camp | nmod |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | the envoys | then | to the Emir result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to emir=Result | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | the envoys not said here | Emir | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | happen | past | that | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | leave | past · perfect | Charles King | Roland and the Peers | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roland=Theme | ||||
| 5 | guard | to-infinitive | Charles King not said here | the passes | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pass=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | is a | past · perfect | envoys = envoy | slain | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | suffer | past · perfect · passive | great loss | what obj; King nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | yield | past | Charles | the whole land of Spain | Emir | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent land=Theme to he=Goal | |||
| 9 | is | past | Charles King and Charles's men | camp | by the Ebro | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/36/95/