Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Punishment of Ganelon, sentence 12
Ganelon spake again, saying, "I beseech you, my lords, to hear my defence.
Who acts: Ganelon spake, my · What happens: say, beseech, hear, defend · To what, where: lords, you, defence · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Punishment of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganelon spake, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ganelon | Ganelon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 spake | compound |
| 2 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saying | nsubj |
| 3 | again | again | ADV | _ | 2 spake | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 saying | punct |
| 5 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 beseech | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 beseech | punct |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 beseech | nsubj |
| 9 | beseech | beseech | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 saying | parataxis |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 beseech | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 lords | punct |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 lords | nmod:poss |
| 13 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 saying | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 hear | punct |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 hear | mark |
| 16 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 saying | advcl |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 defence | nmod:poss |
| 18 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hear | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 saying | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | gerund | Ganelon spake | my lords | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | beseech in a quote | present | Ganelon spake = speak | you | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hear in a quote | to-infinitive | Ganelon spake not said here | my defence | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer defence=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | defend in a quote | my | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/12/