Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand, sentence 40
And when Gerard turned to flee, being unarmed, and fearing for his life, he rode at him and smote him with his spear, so that he fell to the ground as one dead.
Who acts: Gerard, Prince · What happens: turn, flee, be, fear, ride, smite · To what, where: Prince
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerard, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 turned | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 turned | advmod |
| 3 | Gerard | Gerard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 turned | nsubj |
| 4 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 flee | mark |
| 6 | flee | flee | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 turned | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 unarmed | punct |
| 8 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 unarmed | cop |
| 9 | unarmed | unarmed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 flee | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 fearing | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 fearing | cc |
| 12 | fearing | fear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 turned | advcl |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 life | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 life | nmod:poss |
| 15 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fearing | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rode | punct |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 rode | nsubj |
| 18 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 turned | conj |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 rode | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 smote | cc |
| 22 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 rode | conj |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 smote | obj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 spear | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 spear | nmod:poss |
| 26 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 smote | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 fell | punct |
| 28 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 31 fell | mark |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 so | fixed |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 fell | nsubj |
| 31 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 rode | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 ground | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 ground | det |
| 34 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 fell | obl |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 37 dead | case |
| 36 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 dead | nummod |
| 37 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 fell | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | Gerard | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | flee | to-infinitive | Gerard not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | gerund | Gerard not said here | unarmed property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fear | gerund | Gerard not said here | for Gerard's life | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for life=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | ride | past | Gerard | at Prince | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | smite | past | Gerard not said here | Prince | with Prince's spear | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with spear=Instrument | |||
| 7 | fall | past | Prince | to the ground; as one dead | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/38/40/