Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 44
Then Gerard sent a message to Duke Benes that he was in a great strait, and must have help forthwith.
Who acts: Gerard, friend · What happens: send, be, have · To what, where: message, Duke Benes, great strait, help
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerard, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 sent | advmod |
| 2 | Gerard | Gerard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | nsubj |
| 3 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 message | det |
| 5 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | obj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 Benes | case |
| 7 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Benes | compound |
| 8 | Benes | bene | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sent | obl |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 strait | mark |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 strait | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 strait | cop |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 strait | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 strait | det |
| 14 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 strait | amod |
| 15 | strait | strait | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | advcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 have | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 have | cc |
| 18 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 have | aux |
| 19 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sent | conj |
| 20 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 have | obj |
| 21 | forthwith | forthwith | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 have | xcomp |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | Gerard | a message | Duke Benes | then | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to bene=Destination | ||
| 2 | is | past | friend | a great strait | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | must | Gerard not said here | help | forthwith property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/4/44/