Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 68
Then he said to him that was their chief and spokesman, a certain Sir Stephen, "Surely, Sir Stephen, your Duke had lost his wits when he slew my dear son Lothair.
Who acts: King, that, Duke · What happens: say, be, lose, slay · To what, where: man, chief, wits, dear son Lothair · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, that, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 said | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | obl |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 chief | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 chief | cop |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 chief | nmod:poss |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | ccomp |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 spokesman | cc |
| 11 | spokesman | spokesman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chief | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Stephen | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 Stephen | det |
| 14 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 Stephen | amod |
| 15 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Stephen | nmod:desc |
| 16 | Stephen | Stephen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 chief | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Stephen | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 Stephen | punct |
| 19 | Surely | surely | ADV | _ | 22 Stephen | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Surely | punct |
| 21 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Stephen | nmod:desc |
| 22 | Stephen | Stephen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 chief | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 lost | punct |
| 24 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 lost | nmod:poss |
| 25 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 lost | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 lost | aux |
| 27 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 Stephen | acl:relcl |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 wits | nmod:poss |
| 29 | wits | wit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 lost | obj |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 slew | advmod |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 slew | nsubj |
| 32 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 lost | advcl |
| 33 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 Lothair | nmod:poss |
| 34 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 Lothair | amod |
| 35 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 Lothair | compound |
| 36 | Lothair | lothair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 slew | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | King | man | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||
| 2 | is a | past | that | others's chief and spokesman and Stephen Sir | others = other nmod:poss; spokesman conj; a certain Stephen Sir appos; Stephen Sir conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | lose in a quote | past · perfect | Duke | King's wits | your nmod:poss | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wit=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | slay in a quote | past | King | my dear son Lothair | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lothair=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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