Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 96
First, the Duke's horse was killed, and when he rose to his feet, Guenes, being mounted on a very swift charger, made at him, and ran him through with a spear, so that he fell dead upon the plain.
Who acts: Duke · What happens: kill, rise, mount, make, run, fall · To what, where: horse, feet, swift charger, Duke, plain
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | First | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 killed | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 First | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Duke | det |
| 4 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 horse | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 Duke | case |
| 6 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 killed | aux:pass |
| 8 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rose | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 rose | cc |
| 11 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 rose | advmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 rose | nsubj |
| 13 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 killed | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 feet | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 feet | nmod:poss |
| 16 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rose | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Guenes | punct |
| 18 | Guenes | Guenes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 feet | appos |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 mounted | punct |
| 20 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 mounted | aux:pass |
| 21 | mounted | mount | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 rose | conj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 charger | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 charger | det |
| 24 | very | very | ADV | _ | 25 swift | advmod |
| 25 | swift | swift | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 charger | amod |
| 26 | charger | charger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 mounted | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 made | punct |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 mounted | parataxis |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 him | case |
| 30 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 made | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 ran | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 ran | cc |
| 33 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 rose | conj |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 ran | obj |
| 35 | through | through | ADV | _ | 33 ran | advmod |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 spear | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 spear | det |
| 38 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 ran | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 fell | punct |
| 40 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 43 fell | mark |
| 41 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 so | fixed |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 fell | nsubj |
| 43 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 ran | conj |
| 44 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 fell | xcomp |
| 45 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 47 plain | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 plain | det |
| 47 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 fell | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 killed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | past · passive | the Duke's horse | first property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | rise | past | Duke | Duke's feet | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to foot=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | mount | gerund · passive | Duke not said here | a swift charger | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: on charger=Destination | ||||
| 4 | make | participle | at Duke | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 5 | run | past | Duke not said here | Duke | with a spear; through property | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product with spear=Material | |||
| 6 | fall | past | Duke | the plain | dead property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon plain=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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