Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 12
Huon greeted the Provost, as he had greeted the man at the gate, and the Provost answered him in the same fashion: "Speak softly," he said, "for if the Duke should hear of this, you would be lost.
Who acts: Huon, Provost, man, Duke · What happens: greet, answer, speak, say, hear, lose · To what, where: Provost, man, same fashion, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, Provost, man, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 greeted | nsubj |
| 2 | greeted | greet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Provost | det |
| 4 | Provost | Provost | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 greeted | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 greeted | punct |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 greeted | mark |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 greeted | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 greeted | aux |
| 9 | greeted | greet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 greeted | parataxis |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 man | det |
| 11 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 greeted | obj |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 gate | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 gate | det |
| 14 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 man | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 answered | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 answered | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Provost | det |
| 18 | Provost | Provost | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 answered | nsubj |
| 19 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 greeted | parataxis |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 answered | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 fashion | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 fashion | det |
| 23 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 fashion | amod |
| 24 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 answered | obl |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 Speak | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 Speak | punct |
| 27 | Speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 greeted | parataxis |
| 28 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 27 Speak | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 Speak | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 greeted | punct |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 said | nsubj |
| 32 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 greeted | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 hear | punct |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 hear | punct |
| 35 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 40 hear | mark |
| 36 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 hear | mark |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Duke | det |
| 38 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 hear | nsubj |
| 39 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 hear | aux |
| 40 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 said | ccomp |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 this | case |
| 42 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 hear | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 lost | punct |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 47 lost | nsubj |
| 45 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 lost | aux |
| 46 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 lost | aux:pass |
| 47 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 hear | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 greeted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | greet speech: greet | past | Huon | the Provost | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | greet speech: greet | past · perfect · passive | man | the man | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | past | the Provost | man | the same fashion | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | speak speech: other in a quote | infinitive | softly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | hear a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | should | the Duke | of this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of this=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | lose in a quote | would · passive | you | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/12/