Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 4
When the man heard the salutation, he said, "Sir, speak softly, I pray you; if the Duke of this city should know you to be Christian man, he would assuredly slay you.
Who acts: man, Sir, Duke · What happens: hear, say, speak, pray, know, be · To what, where: salutation, you, Christian man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, Sir, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 man | det |
| 3 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | advcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 salutation | det |
| 6 | salutation | salutation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 speak | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 speak | punct |
| 12 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 speak | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 speak | punct |
| 14 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 15 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 14 speak | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 pray | punct |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 pray | nsubj |
| 18 | pray | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 speak | conj |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 pray | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 know | punct |
| 21 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 28 know | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Duke | det |
| 23 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 know | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 city | case |
| 25 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 city | det |
| 26 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Duke | nmod |
| 27 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 know | aux |
| 28 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 know | obj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 man | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 man | cop |
| 32 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 man | amod |
| 33 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 know | ccomp |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 slay | punct |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 slay | nsubj |
| 36 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 slay | aux |
| 37 | assuredly | assuredly | ADV | _ | 38 slay | advmod |
| 38 | slay | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 know | conj |
| 39 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 38 slay | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the man | the salutation | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer salutation=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | speak speech: other in a quote | infinitive | Sir | softly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | pray in a quote | present | man | you | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | know a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | should | the Duke of this city | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | to-infinitive | Christian man | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | slay in a quote | would | man | you | assuredly property | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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