Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 114
Now it so chanced that when Huon was brought before the Admiral, the Admiral's fair daughter, Esclairmonde by name, was standing behind a curtain, where she could hear all the words that were said and could also see what was done, being herself unseen.
Who acts: dungeon, Esclairmonde · What happens: chance, bring, stand, hear, say, see · To what, where: Huon, Admiral, curtain, words, Esclairmonde · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dungeon, Esclairmonde), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 chanced | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 chanced | nsubj |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 chanced | advmod |
| 4 | chanced | chance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 brought | mark |
| 6 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 brought | advmod |
| 7 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 brought | aux:pass |
| 9 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 chanced | ccomp |
| 10 | before | before | ADP | _ | 12 Admiral | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Admiral | det |
| 12 | Admiral | admiral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 brought | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 daughter | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Admiral | det |
| 15 | Admiral | Admiral | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 16 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 15 Admiral | case |
| 17 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 daughter | amod |
| 18 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Admiral | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Esclairmonde | punct |
| 20 | Esclairmonde | Esclairmonde | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Admiral | appos |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 name | case |
| 22 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 Esclairmonde | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 standing | punct |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 standing | aux |
| 25 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 chanced | advcl |
| 26 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 28 curtain | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 curtain | det |
| 28 | curtain | curtain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 standing | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 hear | punct |
| 30 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 33 hear | advmod |
| 31 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 hear | nsubj |
| 32 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 hear | aux |
| 33 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 curtain | conj |
| 34 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 words | det:predet |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 words | det |
| 36 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 hear | obj |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 said | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 said | aux:pass |
| 39 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 words | acl:relcl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 see | cc |
| 41 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 see | aux |
| 42 | also | also | ADV | _ | 43 see | advmod |
| 43 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 said | conj |
| 44 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 46 done | nsubj |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 done | cop |
| 46 | done | done | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 see | ccomp |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 herself | punct |
| 48 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 49 herself | cop |
| 49 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 25 standing | obl |
| 50 | unseen | unseen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 herself | amod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 chanced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chance | past | dungeon | now | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | bring | past · passive | Huon | the Admiral and the Admiral's fair daughter | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before admiral=Destination | ||||
| 3 | stand | past · progressive | dungeon not said here | a curtain | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind curtain=Location | ||||
| 4 | hear | could | Esclairmonde | all words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past · passive | all words | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 6 | see | could | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 7 | is | past | what nsubj; done property | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | is a | gerund | Esclairmonde | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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