Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 116
When, therefore, she heard that he was to be slain, she had much ado to refrain herself from crying out.
Who acts: Esclairmonde, Huon · What happens: hear, be, have, refrain, cry out · To what, where: much ado, Esclairmonde
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Esclairmonde, Huon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 heard | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 therefore | punct |
| 3 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 6 heard | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
| 5 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 heard | nsubj |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 had | advcl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 slain | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 slain | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 slain | cop |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 slain | mark |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 slain | cop |
| 12 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 heard | advcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 had | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 ado | amod |
| 17 | ado | ado | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 had | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 refrain | mark |
| 19 | refrain | refrain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 ado | acl |
| 20 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 refrain | obj |
| 21 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 22 crying | mark |
| 22 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 refrain | advcl |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 crying | compound:prt |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Esclairmonde | therefore property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | is | past | Huon | slain property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | past | Esclairmonde | much ado | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ado=Patient | ||||
| 4 | refrain | to-infinitive | Esclairmonde not said here | Esclairmonde | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | cry out speech: express | gerund | Esclairmonde not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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