Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 2
The gate of this tower, for so the story ran, was kept by two men of brass, each of whom held in his hand an iron flail.
Who acts: gate, two men, each · What happens: run, keep, hold · To what, where: hand
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gate, two men, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 gate | det |
| 2 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 tower | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 tower | det |
| 5 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gate | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 ran | punct |
| 7 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 11 ran | mark |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 ran | advmod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 story | det |
| 10 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ran | nsubj |
| 11 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 kept | punct |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 kept | aux:pass |
| 14 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 ran | parataxis |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 men | case |
| 16 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 men | nummod |
| 17 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 kept | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 brass | case |
| 19 | brass | brass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 men | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 held | punct |
| 21 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 held | nsubj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 whom | case |
| 23 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 each | nmod |
| 24 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 ran | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 hand | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 hand | nmod:poss |
| 27 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 held | obl |
| 28 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 flail | det |
| 29 | iron | iron | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 flail | amod |
| 30 | flail | flail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 hand | appos |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | the gate of this tower | the story nsubj | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | keep | past · passive | two men of brass | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | hold | past | each | story's hand | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hand=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/41/2/