Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 20
But when he passed from the gates to the hall, and from the hall to a chamber, and from this to other chambers, and saw no one, only dead men lying here and there, he was not a little astonished.
Who acts: Huon, dead men · What happens: pass, see, lie, not be · To what, where: gates, one
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, dead men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 saw | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 passed | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 passed | nsubj |
| 4 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 saw | parataxis |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 gates | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gates | det |
| 7 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 passed | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 hall | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 hall | det |
| 10 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 passed | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 hall | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 hall | cc |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 hall | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hall | det |
| 15 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 passed | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 chamber | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 chamber | det |
| 18 | chamber | chamber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hall | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 passed | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 this | cc |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 this | case |
| 22 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 passed | conj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 chambers | case |
| 24 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 chambers | amod |
| 25 | chambers | chamber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 passed | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 saw | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 saw | cc |
| 28 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 29 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 one | det |
| 30 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 saw | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 men | punct |
| 32 | only | only | ADV | _ | 34 men | advmod |
| 33 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 men | amod |
| 34 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 one | nmod |
| 35 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 men | acl |
| 36 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 lying | advmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 there | cc |
| 38 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 here | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 astonished | punct |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 astonished | nsubj |
| 41 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 astonished | cop |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 45 astonished | advmod |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 little | det |
| 44 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 astonished | obl:unmarked |
| 45 | astonished | astonished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 saw | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past | Huon | the gates | to the hall; from the hall to a chamber; to other chambers; this conj | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from gate=Initial_Location to hall=Destination | |||
| 2 | see | past | no one dead men | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | lie | gerund | dead men not said here | here; there | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not is | past | Huon | a little obl:unmarked; astonished property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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