Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 61
When he came near to the city, he perceived that the woods were crowded with wayfarers, some that went a-hawking and some that came back from their sport, and merchants, and travellers, with horses and carriages.
Who acts: Huon, woods, some · What happens: come, perceive, be, go, come back, sport · To what, where: city, merchants, hawking, sport
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, woods, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 perceived | advcl |
| 4 | near | near | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 city | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 city | det |
| 7 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 perceived | nsubj |
| 10 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 crowded | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 woods | det |
| 13 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 crowded | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 crowded | cop |
| 15 | crowded | crowded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 perceived | ccomp |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 wayfarers | case |
| 17 | wayfarers | wayfarer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 crowded | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 went | punct |
| 19 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 went | nsubj |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 went | nsubj |
| 21 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 perceived | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 hawking | det |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 a | punct |
| 24 | hawking | hawking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 went | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 came | cc |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 came | nsubj |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 came | nsubj |
| 28 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 went | conj |
| 29 | back | back | ADV | _ | 28 came | advmod |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 sport | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 sport | nmod:poss |
| 32 | sport | sport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 came | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 merchants | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 merchants | cc |
| 35 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 perceived | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 travellers | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 travellers | cc |
| 38 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 merchants | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 horses | punct |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 horses | case |
| 41 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 merchants | conj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 carriages | cc |
| 43 | carriages | carriage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 horses | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Huon | the city | near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to city=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | perceive | past | Huon | merchants and travellers and horses and carriages | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | is | past | the woods | with wayfarers; crowded property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | go | past | some | a hawking | that nsubj | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hawking=Theme | |||
| 5 | come back | past | some | woods's sport | that nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sport=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | sport | woods = wood | nom sport «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/41/61/