Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 95
Many he slew; but when he had fought for an hour or more, and the number of the enemy was increased rather than diminished, and he had grown faint with heat and toil, then he was constrained to yield.
Who acts: Many, Huon · What happens: slay, fight, increase, diminish, grow, constrain · To what, where: number, Huon
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many, Huon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 slew | nsubj |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 slew | nsubj |
| 3 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 fought | punct |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 fought | cc |
| 6 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 9 fought | mark |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 fought | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 fought | aux |
| 9 | fought | fight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 slew | conj |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 hour | case |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 hour | det |
| 12 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fought | obl |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 more | cc |
| 14 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 hour | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 increased | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 increased | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 number | det |
| 18 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 increased | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 enemy | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 enemy | det |
| 21 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 number | nmod |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 increased | aux:pass |
| 23 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 fought | parataxis |
| 24 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 26 diminished | cc |
| 25 | than | than | ADP | _ | 24 rather | fixed |
| 26 | diminished | diminish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 increased | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 grown | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 grown | cc |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 grown | nsubj |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 grown | aux |
| 31 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 slew | parataxis |
| 32 | faint | faint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 grown | xcomp |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 heat | case |
| 34 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 grown | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 toil | cc |
| 36 | toil | toil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 heat | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 constrained | punct |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 constrained | advmod |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 constrained | nsubj |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 constrained | aux:pass |
| 41 | constrained | constrain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 grown | conj |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 yield | mark |
| 43 | yield | yield | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 constrained | xcomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 slew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slay | past | Many | Huon nsubj | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | fight | past · perfect | Huon | hour | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | increase | past · passive | the number of the enemy | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 4 | diminish | participle | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | grow | past · perfect | Huon | with heat and toil; faint property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | constrain | past · passive | Huon | then | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Goal | ||||
| 7 | yield | to-infinitive | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/41/95/