Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 15
These," said Gerames, "are Frenchmen, whom the King took when they were sailing on the sea.
Who acts: Gerames, King · What happens: say, be, take, sail · To what, where: These, Frenchmen, sea · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerames, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 said | obl |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 These | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | Gerames | gerame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Frenchmen | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Gerames | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Gerames | punct |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 Frenchmen | cop |
| 9 | Frenchmen | frenchman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 said | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 took | punct |
| 11 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 took | obj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 King | det |
| 13 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 took | nsubj |
| 14 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Frenchmen | acl:relcl |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 sailing | advmod |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 sailing | nsubj |
| 17 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 sailing | aux |
| 18 | sailing | sail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 took | advcl |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 sea | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sea | det |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sailing | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | These | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | Gerames | Frenchmen | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | past | the King | Frenchmen | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument whom=Destination | ||||
| 4 | sail | past · progressive | Gerames = gerame | the sea | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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