Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 3
When Gerames perceived them, he said to his company, "We do ill to tarry here, when Huon, it may be, needs our help.
Who acts: Gerames, giant, company, our · What happens: perceive, say, tarry, be, need, help · To what, where: pagans, company, help · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerames, giant, company, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 perceived | advmod |
| 2 | Gerames | gerame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 perceived | nsubj |
| 3 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | advcl |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 perceived | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 perceived | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 company | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 company | nmod:poss |
| 10 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 ill | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 ill | punct |
| 13 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 ill | nsubj |
| 14 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 ill | aux |
| 15 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | advcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 tarry | mark |
| 17 | tarry | tarry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 ill | csubj |
| 18 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 tarry | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Huon | punct |
| 20 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 Huon | advmod |
| 21 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 ill | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Huon | punct |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 be | nsubj |
| 24 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 be | aux |
| 25 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 ill | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 needs | punct |
| 27 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | conj |
| 28 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 help | nmod:poss |
| 29 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 needs | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perceive | past | Gerames | pagans = pagan | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | giant | giant's company | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to company=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | tarry in a quote | to-infinitive | here | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | be in a quote | may | company | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | need in a quote | present | giant not said here | our help | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme | ||||
| 6 | help in a quote | our | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/42/3/