Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 36
But in a short space he heard one of them lamenting his hard fate, and praying to the Lord Christ that He would succour them, "For," said he, "Thou knowest that we have done no wrong that we should be cast into this place, having come hither for the sake of our young lord Huon."
Who acts: Huon, one, Thou, we · What happens: hear, lament, pray, succour, say, know · To what, where: one, short space, hard fate, words, we, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, one, Thou, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 heard | cc |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 space | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 space | det |
| 4 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 space | amod |
| 5 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | obl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 heard | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 one | nmod |
| 11 | lamenting | lament | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 heard | xcomp |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 fate | nmod:poss |
| 13 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 fate | amod |
| 14 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lamenting | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 praying | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 praying | cc |
| 17 | praying | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 heard | advcl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 Christ | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Christ | det |
| 20 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Christ | compound |
| 21 | Christ | Christ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 praying | obl |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 succour | mark |
| 23 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 succour | nsubj |
| 24 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 succour | aux |
| 25 | succour | succour | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 praying | advcl |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 succour | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 said | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 For | punct |
| 29 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 32 said | mark |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 For | punct |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 For | punct |
| 32 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | parataxis |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 said | nsubj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 knowest | punct |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 knowest | punct |
| 36 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 37 knowest | nsubj |
| 37 | knowest | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 said | conj |
| 38 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 done | mark |
| 39 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 done | nsubj |
| 40 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 done | aux |
| 41 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 knowest | advcl |
| 42 | no | no | ADV | _ | 43 wrong | advmod |
| 43 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 done | xcomp |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 48 cast | mark |
| 45 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 48 cast | nsubj |
| 46 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 cast | aux |
| 47 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 48 cast | aux:pass |
| 48 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 wrong | advcl |
| 49 | into | into | ADP | _ | 51 place | case |
| 50 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 51 place | det |
| 51 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 cast | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 having | punct |
| 53 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 41 done | advcl |
| 54 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 having | xcomp |
| 55 | hither | hither | ADV | _ | 54 come | advmod |
| 56 | for | for | ADP | _ | 58 sake | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 sake | det |
| 58 | sake | sake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 come | obl |
| 59 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 lord | case |
| 60 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 lord | nmod:poss |
| 61 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 lord | amod |
| 62 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 sake | nmod |
| 63 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 lord | appos |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
| 65 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Huon | one of words | a short space | tree rules | |||
| 2 | lament | gerund | one of words not said here | Huon's hard fate | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fate=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | pray | gerund | Huon not said here | to the Lord Christ | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 4 | succour | would | Huon | words = word | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Huon | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | know in a quote | present | Thou | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | do in a quote | present · perfect | we | wrong property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | cast in a quote | should · passive | we | this place | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into place=Product | ||||
| 9 | have in a quote | gerund | we not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | come in a quote | infinitive | we not said here | for the sake of our young lord; hither property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 11 | fate | Huon | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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