Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 121
So she knew him again, and cried, "O my son Reynaud, how comes it that you are so greatly changed, you that were the fairest knight in all the world?"
Who acts: Duchess, you · What happens: know, cry, come, be · To what, where: Reynaud, son Reynaud, fall, fairest knight, world · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duchess, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 knew | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 knew | nsubj |
| 3 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 knew | obj |
| 5 | again | again | ADV | _ | 3 knew | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 cried | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 cried | cc |
| 8 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 knew | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Reynaud | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Reynaud | punct |
| 11 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 14 Reynaud | discourse |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 son | nmod:poss |
| 13 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Reynaud | compound |
| 14 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 cried | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 comes | punct |
| 16 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 comes | advmod |
| 17 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 Reynaud | acl:relcl |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 comes | obj |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 changed | mark |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 changed | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 changed | cop |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 changed | advmod |
| 23 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 24 changed | advmod |
| 24 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 comes | advcl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 knight | punct |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 knight | nsubj |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 knight | nsubj |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 knight | cop |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 knight | det |
| 30 | fairest | fair | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 knight | amod |
| 31 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cried | obl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 world | case |
| 33 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 world | det:predet |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 world | det |
| 35 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 knight | nmod |
| 36 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 knew | punct |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Duchess | Reynaud | again | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | cry speech: express | past | Duchess not said here | son Reynaud | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | come in a quote | present | fall | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | you | change, greatly property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | past | you | the fairest knight | all world | that nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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