Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 50
When Reynaud saw the guards that the King had set at the gates, he said to his men, "These men are worn and weary with travel, and it were but small glory to overcome them now.
Who acts: Reynaud, King, men, commander · What happens: see, set, say, be, overcome · To what, where: guards, gates, men, small glory · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, King, men, commander), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 said | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 guards | det |
| 5 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 saw | obj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 set | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 King | det |
| 8 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 set | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 set | aux |
| 10 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 guards | acl:relcl |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 gates | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 gates | det |
| 13 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 set | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 said | nsubj |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 men | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 men | nmod:poss |
| 19 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 said | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 worn | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 worn | punct |
| 22 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 23 men | det |
| 23 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 worn | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 worn | cop |
| 25 | worn | worn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 said | parataxis |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 weary | cc |
| 27 | weary | weary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 worn | conj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 travel | case |
| 29 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 weary | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 glory | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 glory | cc |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 glory | nsubj |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 glory | cop |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 glory | cc |
| 35 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 glory | amod |
| 36 | glory | glory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 worn | conj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 overcome | mark |
| 38 | overcome | overcome | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 glory | acl |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 overcome | obj |
| 40 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 overcome | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Reynaud | the guards | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer guard=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | set | past · perfect · passive | the guards | the gates | the King nsubj:pass | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at gate=Destination | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | King | King's men | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | this men | worn property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be in a quote | this men not said here | with travel | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | past | commander | small glory | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | overcome in a quote | to-infinitive | this men not said here | guards = guard | now | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/50/