Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 56
Reynaud and his men suffered much that day, for first the Duke Aymon wrought great damage to his sons' army, and then the Duke Fulk slew many, and the defenders of the castle had much ado to hold their own.
Who acts: Reynaud, Duke Fulk, defenders, much ado · What happens: suffer, slay, have, hold · To what, where: many, much ado, own
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, Duke Fulk, defenders, much ado), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 suffered | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 men | cc |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 men | nmod:poss |
| 4 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Reynaud | conj |
| 5 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | much | much | ADV | _ | 8 day | advmod |
| 7 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 day | det |
| 8 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 suffered | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 damage | punct |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 damage | case |
| 11 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 damage | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 damage | det |
| 13 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Aymon | compound |
| 14 | Aymon | Aymon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 damage | nsubj |
| 15 | wrought | wrought | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 damage | amod |
| 16 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 damage | amod |
| 17 | damage | damage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 suffered | obl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 army | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 sons | nmod:poss |
| 20 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 army | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 20 sons | case |
| 22 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 damage | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 slew | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 slew | cc |
| 25 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 slew | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Fulk | det |
| 27 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Fulk | compound |
| 28 | Fulk | Fulk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 slew | nsubj |
| 29 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 suffered | conj |
| 30 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 slew | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 had | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 had | cc |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 defenders | det |
| 34 | defenders | defender | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 had | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 castle | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 castle | det |
| 37 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 defenders | nmod |
| 38 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 slew | conj |
| 39 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 ado | amod |
| 40 | ado | ado | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 had | obj |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 hold | mark |
| 42 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 had | xcomp |
| 43 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 own | nmod:poss |
| 44 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 hold | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 suffered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suffer | past | Reynaud and Reynaud's men | day | for the wrought great damage Duke Aymon to Reynaud's sons's army | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | slay | past | the Duke Fulk | many | then | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient | |||
| 3 | have | past | the defenders of the castle | much ado | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | hold | to-infinitive | much ado not said here | men's own | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent own=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/56/