Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Coming of Roland, sentence 36
When the others saw Reynaud and his horse, how changed they were, they laughed aloud.
Who acts: others, Reynaud · What happens: see, change, be
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, Reynaud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 others | det |
| 3 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 changed | advcl |
| 5 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 changed | nsubj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 horse | cc |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 horse | nmod:poss |
| 8 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Reynaud | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 changed | punct |
| 10 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 changed | advmod |
| 11 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 laughed | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 laughed | cop |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 laughed | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 laughed | nsubj |
| 16 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 changed | advcl |
| 17 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 16 laughed | advmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 changed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the others | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | change | participle | Reynaud and Mawgis's horse | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | Reynaud | aloud, laugh property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/6/36/