Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Treachery of King John, sentence 79
Then Richard was grievously wounded by Gerard Lord of Valence, and came very near to death, but him also Reynaud, than whom there was never greater fighter in the world, rescued before it was too late.
Who acts: Gerard Lord, world · What happens: wound, come, be, rescue · To what, where: Richard, greater fighter, world
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerard Lord, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 wounded | advmod |
| 2 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 wounded | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 wounded | aux:pass |
| 4 | grievously | grievously | ADV | _ | 5 wounded | advmod |
| 5 | wounded | wound | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 Lord | case |
| 7 | Gerard | Gerard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Lord | compound |
| 8 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 wounded | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Valence | case |
| 10 | Valence | valence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Lord | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 came | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 came | cc |
| 13 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 wounded | parataxis |
| 14 | very | very | ADV | _ | 15 near | advmod |
| 15 | near | near | ADV | _ | 13 came | advmod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 death | case |
| 17 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 near | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 him | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 him | cc |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 came | parataxis |
| 21 | also | also | ADV | _ | 22 Reynaud | advmod |
| 22 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 him | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 whom | punct |
| 24 | than | than | ADP | _ | 25 whom | case |
| 25 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 fighter | nsubj |
| 26 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 27 was | expl |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 fighter | cop |
| 28 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 29 greater | advmod |
| 29 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 fighter | amod |
| 30 | fighter | fighter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 came | parataxis |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 world | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 world | det |
| 33 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 fighter | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 rescued | punct |
| 35 | rescued | rescue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 fighter | conj |
| 36 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 40 late | mark |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 late | nsubj |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 late | cop |
| 39 | too | too | ADV | _ | 40 late | advmod |
| 40 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 rescued | advcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 wounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wound | past · passive | Gerard Lord of Valence | Richard | then | grievously property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||
| 2 | come | past | Richard parataxis; near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | greater fighter | the world | never | whom nsubj | tree rules | ||
| 4 | rescue | participle | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is | past | world | late property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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