Negro myths from the Georgia coast, told in the vernacular, Opening, part 13, sentence 12
Nothing daunted, however, and muttering imprecations upon his unfortunate victim, he slowly backed across the yard, drawing John after him,--who meanwhile was giving utterance to the most miserable and unearthly sounds from his bloody jaws, and attempting, with uplifted hands, to arrest the traction of the resolute old man, who refused for an instant to relax his hold,--until he reached a flight of steps which led up to the main room of the smoke-house.
Who acts: John, resolute old man, steps · What happens: daunt, mutter, back, draw, give, attempt · To what, where: Nothing, imprecations, John, utterance, miserable sounds, traction
This is a sentence of «Negro myths from the Georgia coast, told in the vernacular» by Charles C., Jr. Jones, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, resolute old man, steps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 2 daunted | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | daunted | daunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 2 daunted | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 muttering | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 muttering | cc |
| 7 | muttering | mutter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 daunted | advcl |
| 8 | imprecations | imprecation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 muttering | obj |
| 9 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 12 victim | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 victim | nmod:poss |
| 11 | unfortunate | unfortunate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 victim | amod |
| 12 | victim | victim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 muttering | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 backed | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 backed | nsubj |
| 15 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 16 backed | advmod |
| 16 | backed | back | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 daunted | parataxis |
| 17 | across | across | ADP | _ | 19 yard | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 yard | det |
| 19 | yard | yard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 backed | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 drawing | punct |
| 21 | drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 backed | conj |
| 22 | John | John | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 drawing | obj |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 24 him | case |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 drawing | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 giving | punct |
| 26 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 30 giving | punct |
| 27 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 giving | nsubj |
| 28 | meanwhile | meanwhile | ADV | _ | 30 giving | advmod |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 giving | aux |
| 30 | giving | give | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 drawing | conj |
| 31 | utterance | utterance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 giving | obj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 sounds | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 sounds | det |
| 34 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 35 miserable | advmod |
| 35 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 sounds | amod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 unearthly | cc |
| 37 | unearthly | unearthly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 miserable | conj |
| 38 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 giving | obl |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 jaws | case |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 jaws | nmod:poss |
| 41 | bloody | bloody | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 jaws | amod |
| 42 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 sounds | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 attempting | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 attempting | cc |
| 45 | attempting | attempt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 drawing | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 hands | punct |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 hands | case |
| 48 | uplifted | uplift | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 hands | amod |
| 49 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 attempting | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 arrest | punct |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 arrest | mark |
| 52 | arrest | arrest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 drawing | advcl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 traction | det |
| 54 | traction | traction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 arrest | obj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 man | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 man | det |
| 57 | resolute | resolute | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 man | amod |
| 58 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 man | amod |
| 59 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 traction | nmod |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 refused | punct |
| 61 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 62 refused | nsubj |
| 62 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 man | acl:relcl |
| 63 | for | for | ADP | _ | 65 instant | case |
| 64 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 65 instant | det |
| 65 | instant | instant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 refused | obl |
| 66 | to | to | PART | _ | 67 relax | mark |
| 67 | relax | relax | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 62 refused | xcomp |
| 68 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 hold | nmod:poss |
| 69 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 relax | obj |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 reached | punct |
| 71 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 74 reached | punct |
| 72 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 74 reached | mark |
| 73 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 reached | nsubj |
| 74 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 traction | acl:relcl |
| 75 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 76 flight | det |
| 76 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 reached | obj |
| 77 | of | of | ADP | _ | 78 steps | case |
| 78 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 flight | nmod |
| 79 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 80 led | nsubj |
| 80 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 78 steps | acl:relcl |
| 81 | up | up | ADP | _ | 80 led | compound:prt |
| 82 | to | to | ADP | _ | 85 room | case |
| 83 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 85 room | det |
| 84 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 85 room | amod |
| 85 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 80 led | obl |
| 86 | of | of | ADP | _ | 90 house | case |
| 87 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 90 house | det |
| 88 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 90 house | compound |
| 89 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 88 smoke | punct |
| 90 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 85 room | nmod |
| 91 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 daunted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | daunt | participle · passive | Nothing | however property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | mutter speech: assert | gerund | imprecations | upon John's unfortunate victim | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent imprecation=Topic | ||||
| 3 | back | past | John | across the yard; slowly property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across yard=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | draw | gerund | John not said here | John | after John | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent john=Theme | |||
| 5 | give | past · progressive | utterance | the miserable sounds from John's bloody jaws | who nsubj; meanwhile property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent utterance=Theme to sound=Recipient | |||
| 6 | attempt | gerund | John not said here | with uplifted hands | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | uplift | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 8 | arrest | to-infinitive | John not said here | the traction of the resolute old man | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traction=Patient | ||||
| 9 | refuse | past | the resolute old man | for a instant | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 10 | not relax | to-infinitive | the resolute old man not said here | John's hold | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hold=Experiencer | ||||
| 11 | reach | past | John | a flight of steps | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent flight=Theme | ||||
| 12 | lead up | past | steps | to the main room of the smoke house | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to room=Patient | ||||
| 13 | hold | John | nom hold «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Negro myths from the Georgia coast, told in the vernacular» by Charles C., Jr. Jones, Project Gutenberg book 76586 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76586/13/12/