Ojibwa myths and tales, Rama Witches. (no. 2.), sentence 10
The witch’s son who was also there took an axe and rushed up to his witch mother and said, “You must stop causing people to die, or else I’ll put the axe to your head.”
Who acts: son, You, people · What happens: be, take, rush up, say, stop, cause · To what, where: axe, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Rama Witches. (no. 2.). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, You, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 witch | det |
| 2 | witch | witch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 son | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 witch | case |
| 4 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 took | nsubj |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 there | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 there | cop |
| 7 | also | also | ADV | _ | 8 there | advmod |
| 8 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 took | advmod |
| 9 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 axe | det |
| 11 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 took | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 rushed | cc |
| 13 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 took | conj |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 rushed | compound:prt |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 mother | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 mother | nmod:poss |
| 17 | witch | witch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 mother | compound |
| 18 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rushed | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 said | cc |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 took | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 stop | punct |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 stop | punct |
| 23 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 stop | nsubj |
| 24 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 stop | aux |
| 25 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 said | ccomp |
| 26 | causing | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 stop | xcomp |
| 27 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 causing | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 die | mark |
| 29 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 causing | xcomp |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 ’ll | punct |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 ’ll | cc |
| 32 | else | else | ADV | _ | 34 ’ll | advmod |
| 33 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 ’ll | nsubj |
| 34 | ’ll | 'll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 stop | conj |
| 35 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 ’ll | xcomp |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 axe | det |
| 37 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 put | obj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 head | case |
| 39 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 head | nmod:poss |
| 40 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 put | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 stop | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 stop | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | who nsubj; there property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | take | past | the witch's son | a axe | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme | ||||
| 3 | rush up | past | the witch's son not said here | to son's witch mother result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to mother=Result | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the witch's son not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | stop in a quote | must | You | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | cause in a quote | gerund | You not said here | people | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | die in a quote | to-infinitive | people not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 8 | 'll in a quote | present | the witch's son = son | else property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | put in a quote | infinitive | the witch's son = son not said here | the axe | to your head | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent axe=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Project Gutenberg book 76755 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76755/13/10/