Ojibwa myths and tales, Ojibwa and Mohawk. (no. 1.), sentence 22
Her man was all black, and it was because he had so many close shots fired at him that the gunpowder blackened him up, so that the wife only knew him by his voice when he called her.
Who acts: man, gunpowder, wife · What happens: be, fire, blacken up, know, call · To what, where: bush, man, fire · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Ojibwa and Mohawk. (no. 1.). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, gunpowder, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 man | nmod:poss |
| 2 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 black | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 black | cop |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 black | det |
| 5 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fired | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 fired | cc |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 fired | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 had | cop |
| 10 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 12 had | mark |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 had | nsubj |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 fired | aux |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 many | advmod |
| 14 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 shots | amod |
| 15 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 shots | amod |
| 16 | shots | shot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 had | obj |
| 17 | fired | fire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 black | conj |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 him | case |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 fired | obl |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 blackened | mark |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 gunpowder | det |
| 22 | gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 blackened | nsubj |
| 23 | blackened | blacken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 fired | advcl |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 blackened | obj |
| 25 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 blackened | compound:prt |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 knew | punct |
| 27 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 32 knew | mark |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 so | fixed |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 wife | det |
| 30 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 knew | nsubj |
| 31 | only | only | ADV | _ | 32 knew | advmod |
| 32 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 black | parataxis |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 knew | obj |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 voice | case |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 voice | nmod:poss |
| 36 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 knew | obl |
| 37 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 called | advmod |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 called | nsubj |
| 39 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 knew | advcl |
| 40 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 called | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 black | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | fire's man | black property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fire | past · perfect · passive | bush | at man | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme at he=Destination | ||||
| 3 | blacken up | past | the gunpowder | man | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 4 | know | past | the wife | man | by man's voice | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | call | past | man | fire | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Project Gutenberg book 76755 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76755/8/22/