Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 63
As they began to lift the body from the grave, the sky became overcast and a mist as thick as a London fog spread over the land, so that none could see the decaying remains of one who in life had been strong and beautiful.
Who acts: pushings, sky, mist, none · What happens: begin, lift, become, overcast, spread, see · To what, where: body, grave, land, decaying remains, life
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pushings, sky, mist, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 began | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 lift | mark |
| 5 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 body | det |
| 7 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lift | obj |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 grave | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 grave | det |
| 10 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lift | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 became | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sky | det |
| 13 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 became | nsubj |
| 14 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | parataxis |
| 15 | overcast | overcast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 became | xcomp |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 spread | cc |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 mist | det |
| 18 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 spread | nsubj |
| 19 | as | as | ADV | _ | 20 thick | advmod |
| 20 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 mist | amod |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 fog | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 fog | det |
| 23 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 fog | compound |
| 24 | fog | fog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 thick | obl |
| 25 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 overcast | conj |
| 26 | over | over | ADP | _ | 28 land | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 land | det |
| 28 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 spread | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 see | punct |
| 30 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 34 see | mark |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 so | fixed |
| 32 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 34 see | nsubj |
| 33 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 see | aux |
| 34 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 became | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 remains | det |
| 36 | decaying | decay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 remains | amod |
| 37 | remains | remains | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 34 see | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 one | case |
| 39 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 remains | nmod |
| 40 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 strong | nsubj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 life | case |
| 42 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 strong | obl |
| 43 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 strong | aux |
| 44 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 45 strong | cop |
| 45 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 one | acl:relcl |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 beautiful | cc |
| 47 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 strong | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | pushings = pushing | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | lift | to-infinitive | pushings = pushing not said here | the body | the grave | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme from grave=Destination | |||
| 3 | become | past | the sky | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | overcast | participle | the sky not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | spread | past | a mist | the land | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over land=Location | ||||
| 6 | see | could | none | the decaying remains of one | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer remains=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | decay | gerund | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 8 | is | past · perfect | life | who nsubj; strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | be | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/63/