Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, The Eighth Key., sentence 1
Once upon a time there ruled over Sind a king, who throughout his reign had been distinguished for wisdom and justice; but he had grown old and had only one son, born to him by one of his queens, when he was in the evening of his life.
Who acts: king · What happens: sind, distinguish, grow, have, bear, be · To what, where: king, one son
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, The Eighth Key.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 8 Sind | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Sind | obl |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 Sind | advmod |
| 6 | ruled | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 Sind | aux |
| 7 | over | over | ADV | _ | 8 Sind | advmod |
| 8 | Sind | sind | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 king | det |
| 10 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Sind | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 distinguished | punct |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 distinguished | nsubj |
| 13 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 18 distinguished | mark |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 reign | nmod:poss |
| 15 | reign | reign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 distinguished | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 distinguished | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 distinguished | aux:pass |
| 18 | distinguished | distinguish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 king | acl:relcl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 wisdom | case |
| 20 | wisdom | wisdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 distinguished | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 justice | cc |
| 22 | justice | justice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wisdom | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 grown | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 grown | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 grown | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 grown | aux |
| 27 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 Sind | parataxis |
| 28 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 grown | xcomp |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 had | cc |
| 30 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 grown | conj |
| 31 | only | only | ADV | _ | 32 one | advmod |
| 32 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 son | nummod |
| 33 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 had | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 born | punct |
| 35 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 grown | conj |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 him | case |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 born | obl |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 one | case |
| 39 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 born | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 queens | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 queens | nmod:poss |
| 42 | queens | queen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 one | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 evening | punct |
| 44 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 49 evening | advmod |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 evening | nsubj |
| 46 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 evening | cop |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 evening | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 evening | det |
| 49 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Sind | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 life | case |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 life | nmod:poss |
| 52 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 evening | nmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 Sind | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sind | past | a king | there | time | once, over property | tree rules | ||
| 2 | distinguish | past · perfect · passive | a king | for wisdom and justice; king's reign nsubj:pass | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | past · perfect | king | old property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | past | king not said here | one son | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 5 | bear | participle | king not said here | king | by one of king's queens | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 6 | is | past | king | in the evening | of king's life | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/11/1/