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Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Author’s Preface., sentence 28

The stories which have been passed on from generation to generation, are, like the legends of the West, to some extent mythical, but no doubt based on actual incidents in the past which, in the repeated telling, have been added to and embroidered in a way calculated to impress the minds of the simple folk who heard them; and thus their remembrance and transmission to later generations has been assured.

Who acts: stories, simple folk · What happens: pass on, be, base, repeat, add, embroider · To what, where: stories, generation, doubt, actual incidents, repeated telling, way

This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Author’s Preface.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, simple folk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjnsubj:passauxaux:passacl:relclcompound:prtcaseoblcaseoblpunctcoppunctcasedetnsubjcasedetnmodpunctcasensubjamodpunctccdetnsubjaclcaseamodoblcasedetnmodobjpunctcasedetamodoblpunctauxaux:passconjoblccconjcasedetoblaclmarkadvcldetobjcasedetamodnmodnsubjacl:relclobjpunctccadvmodnmod:possnsubj:passccconjcaseamodnmodauxaux:passconjpunctrootTheDETstoriesNOUNwhichPRONhaveAUXbeenAUXpassedVERBonADPfromADPgenerationNOUNtoADPgenerationNOUN,PUNCTareAUX,PUNCTlikeADPtheDETlegendsNOUNofADPtheDETWestPROPN,PUNCTtoADPsomeDETextentADJmythicalADJ,PUNCTbutCCONJnoDETdoubtNOUNbasedVERBonADPactualADJincidentsNOUNinADPtheDETpastNOUNwhichPRON,PUNCTinADPtheDETrepeatedVERBtellingNOUN,PUNCThaveAUXbeenAUXaddedVERBtoADPandCCONJembroideredVERBinADPaDETwayNOUNcalculatedVERBtoPARTimpressVERBtheDETmindsNOUNofADPtheDETsimpleADJfolkNOUNwhoPRONheardVERBthemPRON;PUNCTandCCONJthusADVtheirPRONremembranceNOUNandCCONJtransmissionNOUNtoADPlaterADJgenerationsNOUNhasAUXbeenAUXassuredVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 storiesdet
2storiesstoryNOUNNumber=Plur25 mythicalnsubj
3whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel6 passednsubj:pass
4havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin6 passedaux
5beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part6 passedaux:pass
6passedpassVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass2 storiesacl:relcl
7ononADP_6 passedcompound:prt
8fromfromADP_9 generationcase
9generationgenerationNOUNNumber=Sing6 passedobl
10totoADP_11 generationcase
11generationgenerationNOUNNumber=Sing6 passedobl
12,,PUNCT_13 arepunct
13arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin25 mythicalcop
14,,PUNCT_17 legendspunct
15likelikeADP_17 legendscase
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 legendsdet
17legendslegendNOUNNumber=Plur13 arensubj
18ofofADP_20 Westcase
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 Westdet
20WestWestPROPNNumber=Sing17 legendsnmod
21,,PUNCT_25 mythicalpunct
22totoADP_25 mythicalcase
23somesomeDETPronType=Ind25 mythicalnsubj
24extentextentADJDegree=Pos25 mythicalamod
25mythicalmythicalADJDegree=Posrootroot
26,,PUNCT_46 addedpunct
27butbutCCONJ_46 addedcc
28nonoDETPronType=Neg29 doubtdet
29doubtdoubtNOUNNumber=Sing37 whichnsubj
30basedbaseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass29 doubtacl
31ononADP_33 incidentscase
32actualactualADJDegree=Pos33 incidentsamod
33incidentsincidentNOUNNumber=Plur30 basedobl
34ininADP_36 pastcase
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 pastdet
36pastpastNOUNNumber=Sing33 incidentsnmod
37whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel46 addedobj
38,,PUNCT_37 whichpunct
39ininADP_42 tellingcase
40thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art42 tellingdet
41repeatedrepeatVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass42 tellingamod
42tellingtellingNOUNNumber=Sing46 addedobl
43,,PUNCT_42 tellingpunct
44havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin46 addedaux
45beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part46 addedaux:pass
46addedaddVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass25 mythicalconj
47totoADP_46 addedobl
48andandCCONJ_49 embroideredcc
49embroideredembroiderVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass46 addedconj
50ininADP_52 waycase
51aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art52 waydet
52waywayNOUNNumber=Sing49 embroideredobl
53calculatedcalculateVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass52 wayacl
54totoPART_55 impressmark
55impressimpressVERBVerbForm=Inf53 calculatedadvcl
56thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art57 mindsdet
57mindsmindNOUNNumber=Plur55 impressobj
58ofofADP_61 folkcase
59thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art61 folkdet
60simplesimpleADJDegree=Pos61 folkamod
61folkfolkNOUNNumber=Sing57 mindsnmod
62whowhoPRONPronType=Rel63 heardnsubj
63heardhearVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin61 folkacl:relcl
64themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs63 heardobj
65;;PUNCT_77 assuredpunct
66andandCCONJ_69 remembrancecc
67thusthusADV_69 remembranceadvmod
68theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs69 remembrancenmod:poss
69remembranceremembranceNOUNNumber=Sing77 assurednsubj:pass
70andandCCONJ_71 transmissioncc
71transmissiontransmissionNOUNNumber=Sing69 remembranceconj
72totoADP_74 generationscase
73laterlateADJDegree=Cmp74 generationsamod
74generationsgenerationNOUNNumber=Plur71 transmissionnmod
75hashaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin77 assuredaux
76beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part77 assuredaux:pass
77assuredassureVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass25 mythicalconj
78..PUNCT_25 mythicalpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1pass onpresent · perfect · passivethe storiesfrom generation; to generationvn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from generation=Initial_Location to generation=Destination
2ispresentthe storiesmythical propertytree rules
3baseparticipleno doubt not said hereactual incidents in the pastvn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on incident=Source
4repeatparticiplevn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5add speech: assertpresent · perfect · passivethe stories not said herethe repeated tellingwhich no doubt objvn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: which=Patient
6embroiderparticiplethe stories not said herea wayvn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent in way=Destination
7calculateparticiplea way not said heretree rules
8impressto-infinitivethe minds of the simple folkvn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mind=Experiencer
9hearpastthe simple folkstories = storyvn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus
10assurepresent · perfect · passivestories's remembrance and transmission to later generationsvn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
11mindthe simple folknom mind «cognition transitive»: of=patient
12rememberstories = storynom remembrance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/28/