Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Author’s Preface., sentence 28
The stories which have been passed on from generation to generation, are, like the legends of the West, to some extent mythical, but no doubt based on actual incidents in the past which, in the repeated telling, have been added to and embroidered in a way calculated to impress the minds of the simple folk who heard them; and thus their remembrance and transmission to later generations has been assured.
Who acts: stories, simple folk · What happens: pass on, be, base, repeat, add, embroider · To what, where: stories, generation, doubt, actual incidents, repeated telling, way
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Author’s Preface.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, simple folk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stories | det |
| 2 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 mythical | nsubj |
| 3 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 passed | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 passed | aux:pass |
| 6 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 stories | acl:relcl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 passed | compound:prt |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 generation | case |
| 9 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 passed | obl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 generation | case |
| 11 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 passed | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 are | punct |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 mythical | cop |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 legends | punct |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 legends | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 legends | det |
| 17 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 are | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 West | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 West | det |
| 20 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 legends | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 mythical | punct |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 mythical | case |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 mythical | nsubj |
| 24 | extent | extent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 mythical | amod |
| 25 | mythical | mythical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 added | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 added | cc |
| 28 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 29 doubt | det |
| 29 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 which | nsubj |
| 30 | based | base | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 doubt | acl |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 incidents | case |
| 32 | actual | actual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 incidents | amod |
| 33 | incidents | incident | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 based | obl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 past | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 past | det |
| 36 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 incidents | nmod |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 added | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 which | punct |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 telling | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 telling | det |
| 41 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 telling | amod |
| 42 | telling | telling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 added | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 telling | punct |
| 44 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 added | aux |
| 45 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 46 added | aux:pass |
| 46 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 mythical | conj |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 added | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 embroidered | cc |
| 49 | embroidered | embroider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 added | conj |
| 50 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 way | case |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 way | det |
| 52 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 embroidered | obl |
| 53 | calculated | calculate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 way | acl |
| 54 | to | to | PART | _ | 55 impress | mark |
| 55 | impress | impress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 calculated | advcl |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 minds | det |
| 57 | minds | mind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 impress | obj |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 folk | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 folk | det |
| 60 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 folk | amod |
| 61 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 minds | nmod |
| 62 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 63 heard | nsubj |
| 63 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 folk | acl:relcl |
| 64 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 heard | obj |
| 65 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 77 assured | punct |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 remembrance | cc |
| 67 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 69 remembrance | advmod |
| 68 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 remembrance | nmod:poss |
| 69 | remembrance | remembrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 assured | nsubj:pass |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 71 transmission | cc |
| 71 | transmission | transmission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 remembrance | conj |
| 72 | to | to | ADP | _ | 74 generations | case |
| 73 | later | late | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 74 generations | amod |
| 74 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 71 transmission | nmod |
| 75 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 77 assured | aux |
| 76 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 77 assured | aux:pass |
| 77 | assured | assure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 mythical | conj |
| 78 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 mythical | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass on | present · perfect · passive | the stories | from generation; to generation | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from generation=Initial_Location to generation=Destination | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the stories | mythical property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | base | participle | no doubt not said here | actual incidents in the past | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on incident=Source | ||||
| 4 | repeat | participle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 5 | add speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | the stories not said here | the repeated telling | which no doubt obj | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: which=Patient | |||
| 6 | embroider | participle | the stories not said here | a way | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent in way=Destination | ||||
| 7 | calculate | participle | a way not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | impress | to-infinitive | the minds of the simple folk | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mind=Experiencer | |||||
| 9 | hear | past | the simple folk | stories = story | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 10 | assure | present · perfect · passive | stories's remembrance and transmission to later generations | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 11 | mind | the simple folk | nom mind «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 12 | remember | stories = story | nom remembrance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/28/