Legends of the conquest of Spain, Opening, sentence 13
Hence the earliest chronicles which treat of the downfall of Spain are apt to be tinctured with those saintly miracles which savour of the pious labours of the cloister, or those fanciful fictions that betray their Arabian authors.
Who acts: earliest chronicles, fanciful fictions · What happens: treat, be, tincture, betray, savour · To what, where: Arabian authors, pious labours
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest chronicles, fanciful fictions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hence | hence | ADV | _ | 13 apt | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 chronicles | det |
| 3 | earliest | early | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 4 chronicles | amod |
| 4 | chronicles | chronicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 apt | nsubj |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 treat | nsubj |
| 6 | treat | treat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 chronicles | acl:relcl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 downfall | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 downfall | det |
| 9 | downfall | downfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 treat | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Spain | case |
| 11 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 downfall | nmod |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 apt | cop |
| 13 | apt | apt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 tinctured | mark |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 tinctured | aux:pass |
| 16 | tinctured | tincture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 apt | advcl |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 miracles | case |
| 18 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 20 miracles | det |
| 19 | saintly | saintly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 miracles | amod |
| 20 | miracles | miracle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tinctured | obl |
| 21 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 22 savour | det |
| 22 | savour | savour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 miracles | appos |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 labours | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 labours | det |
| 25 | pious | pious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 labours | amod |
| 26 | labours | labour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 savour | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 cloister | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 cloister | det |
| 29 | cloister | cloister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 labours | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 fictions | punct |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 fictions | cc |
| 32 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 34 fictions | det |
| 33 | fanciful | fanciful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 fictions | amod |
| 34 | fictions | fiction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 cloister | appos |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 betray | nsubj |
| 36 | betray | betray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 fictions | acl:relcl |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 authors | nmod:poss |
| 38 | Arabian | Arabian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 authors | amod |
| 39 | authors | author | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 betray | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 apt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | treat | present | the earliest chronicles | of the downfall of Spain | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the earliest chronicles | apt, hence property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | tincture | to-infinitive · passive | the earliest chronicles not said here | with that saintly miracles | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | betray | present | that fanciful fictions | chronicles's Arabian authors | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | savour | the pious labours of the cloister | nom savour «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/13/