Legends of the conquest of Spain, Opening, sentence 15
It is true, the authors, with cautious discrimination, have discarded those particulars too startling for belief, and have culled only such as, from their probability and congruity, might be safely recorded as historical facts; yet scarce one of these but has been connected in the original with some romantic fiction, and, even in its divorced state, bears traces of its former alliance.
Who acts: history, particulars · What happens: be, discard, startle, cull, record, connect · To what, where: authors, probability, original
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (history, particulars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 authors | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 authors | det |
| 6 | authors | author | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 discarded | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 discrimination | punct |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 discrimination | case |
| 9 | cautious | cautious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 discrimination | amod |
| 10 | discrimination | discrimination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 authors | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 authors | punct |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 discarded | aux |
| 13 | discarded | discard | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 true | parataxis |
| 14 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 15 particulars | det |
| 15 | particulars | particular | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 discarded | obj |
| 16 | too | too | ADV | _ | 17 startling | advmod |
| 17 | startling | startle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 particulars | acl |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 belief | case |
| 19 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 startling | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 culled | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 culled | cc |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 culled | aux |
| 23 | culled | cull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 true | parataxis |
| 24 | only | only | ADV | _ | 25 such | advmod |
| 25 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 23 culled | conj |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 such | fixed |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 probability | punct |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 probability | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 probability | nmod:poss |
| 30 | probability | probability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 culled | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 congruity | cc |
| 32 | congruity | congruity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 probability | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 recorded | punct |
| 34 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 recorded | aux |
| 35 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 recorded | aux:pass |
| 36 | safely | safely | ADV | _ | 37 recorded | advmod |
| 37 | recorded | record | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 probability | acl |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 40 facts | case |
| 39 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 facts | amod |
| 40 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 recorded | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 one | punct |
| 42 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 44 one | cc |
| 43 | scarce | scarce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 one | amod |
| 44 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 true | conj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 these | case |
| 46 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 44 one | nmod |
| 47 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 50 connected | cc |
| 48 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 connected | aux |
| 49 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 50 connected | aux:pass |
| 50 | connected | connect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 true | conj |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 original | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 original | det |
| 53 | original | original | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 connected | obl |
| 54 | with | with | ADP | _ | 57 fiction | case |
| 55 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 57 fiction | det |
| 56 | romantic | romantic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 fiction | amod |
| 57 | fiction | fiction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 original | nmod |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 state | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 state | cc |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 state | punct |
| 61 | even | even | ADV | _ | 65 state | advmod |
| 62 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 state | case |
| 63 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 state | nmod:poss |
| 64 | divorced | divorced | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 state | amod |
| 65 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 true | conj |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 traces | punct |
| 67 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 traces | compound |
| 68 | traces | trace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 state | conj |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 alliance | case |
| 70 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 72 alliance | nmod:poss |
| 71 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 alliance | amod |
| 72 | alliance | alliance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 traces | nmod |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | history | scarce one of these conj; history's divorced state and bears traces of history's former alliance conj; true property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | discard | present · perfect · passive | the authors and cautious discrimination | that particulars obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | startle | gerund | that particulars not said here | for belief | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | cull | present · perfect | particulars's probability and congruity | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from probability=Source | |||||
| 5 | record | might · passive | particulars's probability and congruity not said here | as historical facts; safely property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V» | ||||
| 6 | connect | present · perfect · passive | history not said here | the original with some romantic fiction | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V» | ||||
| 7 | ally | history | nom alliance «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/15/