Legends of the conquest of Spain, Opening, sentence 19
Their heroic aims have transcended the cooler conceptions of their neighbours, and their reckless daring has borne them on to achievements which prudent enterprise could never have accomplished.
Who acts: heroic aims, Spaniards · What happens: transcend, bear on, not accomplish, aim, conceive, dare · To what, where: cooler conceptions, reckless daring, prudent enterprise, neighbours
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heroic aims, Spaniards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 aims | nmod:poss |
| 2 | heroic | heroic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 aims | amod |
| 3 | aims | aim | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 transcended | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 transcended | aux |
| 5 | transcended | transcend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 conceptions | det |
| 7 | cooler | cool | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 conceptions | amod |
| 8 | conceptions | conception | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 transcended | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 neighbours | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 neighbours | nmod:poss |
| 11 | neighbours | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 conceptions | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 borne | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 borne | cc |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 daring | nmod:poss |
| 15 | reckless | reckless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 daring | amod |
| 16 | daring | daring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 borne | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 borne | aux |
| 18 | borne | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 transcended | conj |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 borne | obj |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 borne | compound:prt |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 achievements | case |
| 22 | achievements | achievement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 borne | obl |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 accomplished | obj |
| 24 | prudent | prudent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 enterprise | amod |
| 25 | enterprise | enterprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 accomplished | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 accomplished | aux |
| 27 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 29 accomplished | advmod |
| 28 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 accomplished | aux |
| 29 | accomplished | accomplish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 achievements | acl:relcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 transcended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | transcend | present · perfect | Spaniards's heroic aims | the cooler conceptions of Spaniards's neighbours | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot conception=Theme | ||||
| 2 | bear on | present · perfect · passive | Spaniards's reckless daring | to achievements; Spaniards = spaniard obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not accomplish | could · perfect · passive | prudent enterprise | achievements obj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | aim | Spaniards = spaniard | nom aim «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 5 | conceive | Spaniards's neighbours | nom conception «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | dare | Spaniards = spaniard | nom daring «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/19/