Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 8
Almost a century of continual wars with the cultivated nations of the east had rendered them accomplished warriors; and the occasional sojourn in luxurious countries and populous cities, had acquainted them with the arts and habits of civilised life.
Who acts: century, wars · What happens: cultivate, render, accomplish, acquaint, civilise · To what, where: warriors, occasional sojourn
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (century, wars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Almost | almost | ADV | _ | 3 century | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 century | det |
| 3 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rendered | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 wars | case |
| 5 | continual | continual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 wars | amod |
| 6 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 century | nmod |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 nations | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 nations | det |
| 9 | cultivated | cultivate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 nations | amod |
| 10 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 wars | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 east | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 east | det |
| 13 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 nations | nmod |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 rendered | aux |
| 15 | rendered | render | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 accomplished | nsubj |
| 17 | accomplished | accomplish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 rendered | ccomp |
| 18 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 accomplished | obj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 acquainted | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 acquainted | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 sojourn | det |
| 22 | occasional | occasional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 sojourn | amod |
| 23 | sojourn | sojourn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 acquainted | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 countries | case |
| 25 | luxurious | luxurious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 countries | amod |
| 26 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 sojourn | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 cities | cc |
| 28 | populous | populous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 cities | amod |
| 29 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 countries | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 sojourn | punct |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 acquainted | aux |
| 32 | acquainted | acquaint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 rendered | conj |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 acquainted | obj |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 arts | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 arts | det |
| 36 | arts | art | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 acquainted | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 habits | cc |
| 38 | habits | habit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 arts | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 life | case |
| 40 | civilised | civilise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 life | amod |
| 41 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 habits | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 rendered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cultivate | participle | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | render | past · perfect | a century of continual wars with the cultivated nations of the east | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | accomplish | past | wars = war | warriors | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warrior=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | acquaint speech: other | past · perfect · passive | the occasional sojourn in luxurious countries and populous cities | with the arts and habits of civilised life; warriors = warrior obj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | civilise | participle | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/10/8/