Legends of the conquest of Spain, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., sentence 38
This was a lofty mountain, or promontory, almost surrounded by the sea; and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus.
Who acts: This · What happens: be, surround, connect · To what, where: lofty mountain, promontory
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 mountain | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 mountain | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 mountain | det |
| 4 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 mountain | amod |
| 5 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 promontory | punct |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 promontory | cc |
| 8 | promontory | promontory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 mountain | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 surrounded | punct |
| 10 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 11 surrounded | advmod |
| 11 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 promontory | acl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 connected | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 connected | cc |
| 17 | connected | connect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 mountain | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 mainland | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 mainland | det |
| 20 | mainland | mainland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 connected | obl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 isthmus | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 isthmus | det |
| 23 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 isthmus | amod |
| 24 | isthmus | isthmus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 connected | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 mountain | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | This | a lofty mountain | promontory appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | surround | participle | promontory not said here | the sea obl:agent; almost property | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | connect | participle | This not said here | with the mainland; by a narrow isthmus | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with mainland=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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