Legends of the conquest of Spain, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., sentence 45
He was, at length, obliged to retreat; and Taric advanced, and planted his standard on the rock of Calpe, and fortified it as his stronghold, and as the means of securing an entrance into the land.
Who acts: Theodomir, Taric, the · What happens: be, oblige, retreat, advance, plant, fortify · To what, where: length, standard, rock, entrance
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Theodomir, Taric, the), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 length | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 length | cop |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 length | punct |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 length | case |
| 5 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 obliged | punct |
| 7 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 length | acl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 retreat | mark |
| 9 | retreat | retreat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 obliged | xcomp |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 advanced | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 advanced | cc |
| 12 | Taric | Taric | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 advanced | nsubj |
| 13 | advanced | advance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 length | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 planted | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 planted | cc |
| 16 | planted | plant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 advanced | conj |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 standard | nmod:poss |
| 18 | standard | standard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 planted | obj |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 rock | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 rock | det |
| 21 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 planted | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Calpe | case |
| 23 | Calpe | Calpe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 rock | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 fortified | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 fortified | cc |
| 26 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 advanced | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 fortified | obj |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 stronghold | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 stronghold | nmod:poss |
| 30 | stronghold | stronghold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fortified | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 means | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 means | cc |
| 33 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 means | mark |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 means | nsubj |
| 35 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 length | parataxis |
| 36 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 37 securing | mark |
| 37 | securing | secure | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 means | advcl |
| 38 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 entrance | det |
| 39 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 securing | obj |
| 40 | into | into | ADP | _ | 42 land | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 land | det |
| 42 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 securing | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 length | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Theodomir | length | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | oblige | participle | length not said here | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result | |||||
| 3 | retreat | to-infinitive | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||||
| 4 | advance | past | Taric | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | plant | past | Taric not said here | Theodomir's standard | the rock of Calpe | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent standard=Theme on rock=Destination | |||
| 6 | fortify | past | Taric not said here | standard | as Theodomir's stronghold | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme it=Recipient | |||
| 7 | mean | present | the | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | secure | gerund | the not said here | a entrance | into the land | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent entrance=Patient into land=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/11/45/