Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 10
The prince Ataulpho marched with his army through Andalusia, and was joined by Theodomir with his troops; he met with various detachments of the enemy foraging the country, and had several bloody skirmishes; but he succeeded in driving them before him, and they retreated to the rock of Calpe, where Taric lay gathered up with the main body of his army.
Who acts: prince, Theodomir, enemy, bloody, troops, Taric · What happens: march, join, meet, forage, have, skirmish · To what, where: Andalusia, country, several, troops, rock, enemy
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, Theodomir, enemy, bloody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 prince | det |
| 2 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 marched | nsubj |
| 3 | Ataulpho | Ataulpho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 prince | appos |
| 4 | marched | march | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 army | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 army | nmod:poss |
| 7 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 marched | obl |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 Andalusia | case |
| 9 | Andalusia | Andalusia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 marched | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 joined | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 joined | cc |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 joined | aux:pass |
| 13 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 marched | parataxis |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 Theodomir | case |
| 15 | Theodomir | Theodomir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 joined | obl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 troops | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 troops | nmod:poss |
| 18 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 13 joined | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 met | punct |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 met | nsubj |
| 21 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 marched | parataxis |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 detachments | case |
| 23 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 detachments | amod |
| 24 | detachments | detachment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 met | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 enemy | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 enemy | det |
| 27 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 detachments | nmod |
| 28 | foraging | forage | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 enemy | acl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 country | det |
| 30 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 foraging | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 had | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 had | cc |
| 33 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 met | conj |
| 34 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 had | obj |
| 35 | bloody | bloody | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 skirmishes | nsubj |
| 36 | skirmishes | skirmish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 several | acl:relcl |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 succeeded | punct |
| 38 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 succeeded | cc |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 succeeded | nsubj |
| 40 | succeeded | succeed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 marched | parataxis |
| 41 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 42 driving | mark |
| 42 | driving | drive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 succeeded | advcl |
| 43 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 driving | obj |
| 44 | before | before | ADP | _ | 45 him | case |
| 45 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 driving | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 retreated | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 retreated | cc |
| 48 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 retreated | nsubj |
| 49 | retreated | retreat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 succeeded | conj |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 rock | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 rock | det |
| 52 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 retreated | obl |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 Calpe | case |
| 54 | Calpe | Calpe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 rock | nmod |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 lay | punct |
| 56 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 58 lay | advmod |
| 57 | Taric | Taric | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 lay | nsubj |
| 58 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 retreated | conj |
| 59 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 58 lay | xcomp |
| 60 | up | up | ADP | _ | 59 gathered | compound:prt |
| 61 | with | with | ADP | _ | 64 body | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 body | det |
| 63 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 body | amod |
| 64 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 lay | obl |
| 65 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 army | case |
| 66 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 67 army | nmod:poss |
| 67 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 body | nmod |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 marched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | march | past | the prince | Andalusia | with prince's army | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through andalusia=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | join | past · passive | Theodomir | with prince's troops | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with troops=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | meet | past | prince | with various detachments of the enemy | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with detachment=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | forage | gerund | the enemy not said here | the country | vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent country=Location | ||||
| 5 | have | past | prince not said here | several | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent several=Patient | ||||
| 6 | skirmish | present | bloody | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | succeed | past | prince | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | drive | gerund | prince not said here | troops | before prince | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme before he=Destination | |||
| 9 | retreat | past | troops | the rock of Calpe | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial_Location | ||||
| 10 | lie | past | Taric | with the main body of TARIC's army | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | gather up | participle | Taric not said here | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 12 | detach | the enemy | nom detachment «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/10/