Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 33
“Be of good cheer,” said he: “Allah is with us, and has sent his prophet to give assurance of his aid.
Who acts: good cheer, cheer, aid · What happens: be, say, send, give, assure · To what, where: prophet, assurance · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (good cheer, cheer, aid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cheer | punct |
| 2 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 cheer | cop |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 cheer | case |
| 4 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 cheer | amod |
| 5 | cheer | cheer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 cheer | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cheer | punct |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 us | nsubj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 us | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 us | punct |
| 12 | Allah | Allah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 us | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 us | cop |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 us | case |
| 15 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 said | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 sent | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 sent | cc |
| 18 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 sent | aux |
| 19 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 said | conj |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 prophet | nmod:poss |
| 21 | prophet | prophet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sent | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 give | mark |
| 23 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 sent | advcl |
| 24 | assurance | assurance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 give | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 aid | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 aid | nmod:poss |
| 27 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 assurance | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | infinitive | of good cheer | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | good cheer | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | cheer | with us; Allah nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | send in a quote | present · perfect | good cheer not said here | Allah's prophet | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prophet=Theme | ||||
| 5 | give in a quote | to-infinitive | good cheer not said here | assurance of Allah's aid | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assurance=Theme | ||||
| 6 | assure in a quote | Allah's aid | nom assurance «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/33/