Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 5
Many nobles, it is true, took the field with the sumptuous array with which they had been accustomed to appear at tournaments and jousts; but most of their vassals were destitute of weapons, and cased in cuirasses of leather, or suits of armour almost consumed by rust.
Who acts: Many nobles, most · What happens: be, take, accustom, appear, destitute, case · To what, where: field, nobles, tournaments, suits, cuirasses
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many nobles, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 nobles | amod |
| 2 | nobles | noble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 true | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 nobles | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 true | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 true | cop |
| 6 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 took | punct |
| 8 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 true | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 field | det |
| 10 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 took | obj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 array | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 array | det |
| 13 | sumptuous | sumptuous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 array | amod |
| 14 | array | array | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 took | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 accustomed | obl |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 accustomed | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 accustomed | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 accustomed | aux:pass |
| 20 | accustomed | accustom | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 array | acl:relcl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 appear | mark |
| 22 | appear | appear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 accustomed | xcomp |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 tournaments | case |
| 24 | tournaments | tournament | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 appear | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 jousts | cc |
| 26 | jousts | joust | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 tournaments | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 destitute | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 destitute | cc |
| 29 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 34 destitute | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 vassals | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 vassals | nmod:poss |
| 32 | vassals | vassal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 most | nmod |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 destitute | aux |
| 34 | destitute | destitute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 true | parataxis |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 weapons | case |
| 36 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 destitute | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 cased | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 cased | cc |
| 39 | cased | case | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 destitute | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 cuirasses | case |
| 41 | cuirasses | cuirass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 cased | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 leather | case |
| 43 | leather | leather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 cuirasses | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 suits | punct |
| 45 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 suits | cc |
| 46 | suits | suit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 cased | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 armour | case |
| 48 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 suits | nmod |
| 49 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 50 consumed | advmod |
| 50 | consumed | consume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 suits | acl |
| 51 | by | by | ADP | _ | 52 rust | case |
| 52 | rust | rust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 consumed | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 true | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Many nobles | armour nsubj; true property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | past | Many nobles not said here | the field | with the sumptuous array | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme | |||
| 3 | accustom | past · perfect · passive | nobles = noble | with the sumptuous array | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | appear | to-infinitive | tournaments and jousts | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at tournament=Location | |||||
| 5 | destitute | past | most of nobles's vassals | of weapons | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | case | participle | most of nobles's vassals not said here | suits of armour | cuirasses of leather | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cuirass=Destination | |||
| 7 | consume | participle | suits of armour not said here | by rust; almost property | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/5/