Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 15
There were two battalions of infantry, but Ataulpho stationed them in the rear; “for God forbid,” said he, “that foot soldiers should have the place of honour in the battle, when I have so many valiant cavaliers.”
Who acts: two battalions, Ataulpho, foot soldiers · What happens: be, station, forbid, say, have · To what, where: battalions, rear, place, many valiant cavaliers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two battalions, Ataulpho, foot soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | ccomp |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 battalions | nummod |
| 4 | battalions | battalion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 infantry | case |
| 6 | infantry | infantry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 battalions | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 stationed | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 stationed | cc |
| 9 | Ataulpho | Ataulpho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 stationed | nsubj |
| 10 | stationed | station | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 were | conj |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 stationed | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 rear | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 rear | det |
| 14 | rear | rear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stationed | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 forbid | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 forbid | punct |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 God | case |
| 18 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 forbid | obl |
| 19 | forbid | forbid | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 were | parataxis |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 forbid | punct |
| 21 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 forbid | punct |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
| 26 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 foot | det |
| 27 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 soldiers | compound |
| 28 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 have | nsubj |
| 29 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 have | aux |
| 30 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 said | ccomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 place | det |
| 32 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 have | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 honour | case |
| 34 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 place | nmod |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 battle | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 battle | det |
| 37 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 honour | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 have | punct |
| 39 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 41 have | advmod |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 have | nsubj |
| 41 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 have | advcl |
| 42 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 many | advmod |
| 43 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 cavaliers | amod |
| 44 | valiant | valiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 cavaliers | amod |
| 45 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 have | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | two battalions of infantry | there | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | station | past | Ataulpho | battalions = battalion | the rear | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in rear=Destination | |||
| 3 | forbid in a quote | infinitive | for God | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Ataulpho | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | have in a quote | should | foot soldiers | the place of honour in the battle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient | ||||
| 6 | have in a quote | present | Ataulpho | many valiant cavaliers | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cavalier=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/15/