Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 22
Their assault bore hard upon their countrymen, who were disordered by the contest with the foot soldiers, and many a loyal Christian knight fell beneath the sword of an unnatural foe.
Who acts: assault, contest, many, cavaliers · What happens: bear, disorder, fall, assault · To what, where: countrymen, sword
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (assault, contest, many, cavaliers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 assault | nmod:poss |
| 2 | assault | assault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bore | nsubj |
| 3 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 bore | advmod |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 countrymen | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 countrymen | nmod:poss |
| 7 | countrymen | countryman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 bore | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 disordered | punct |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 disordered | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 disordered | aux:pass |
| 11 | disordered | disorder | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 countrymen | acl:relcl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 contest | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 contest | det |
| 14 | contest | contest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 disordered | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 soldiers | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 soldiers | det |
| 17 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 soldiers | compound |
| 18 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 contest | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 fell | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 fell | cc |
| 21 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 fell | nsubj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 knight | det |
| 23 | loyal | loyal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 knight | amod |
| 24 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 knight | amod |
| 25 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fell | nsubj |
| 26 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 bore | conj |
| 27 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 29 sword | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 sword | det |
| 29 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fell | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 foe | case |
| 31 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 foe | det |
| 32 | unnatural | unnatural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 foe | amod |
| 33 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 sword | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 bore | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | past | cavaliers's assault | upon cavaliers's countrymen; hard property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | disorder | past · passive | the contest with the foot soldiers | cavaliers's countrymen | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | fall | past | many | the sword of a unnatural foe | a loyal Christian knight nsubj | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beneath sword=Location | |||
| 4 | assault | cavaliers = cavalier | nom assault «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/22/