Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 50
A faithful page drew him from under the hoofs of the horses, and, aided by a veteran soldier, an ancient vassal of Ataulpho, conveyed him to a short distance from the field of battle, by the side of a small stream that gushed out from among rocks.
Who acts: faithful page, small stream · What happens: draw, aid, convey, gush out · To what, where: Prince, hoofs, short distance, rocks
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faithful page, small stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 page | det |
| 2 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 page | amod |
| 3 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drew | nsubj |
| 4 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 drew | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 hoofs | case |
| 7 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 hoofs | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hoofs | det |
| 9 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 drew | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 horses | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 horses | det |
| 12 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 hoofs | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 aided | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 aided | cc |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 aided | punct |
| 16 | aided | aid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 drew | conj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 soldier | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 soldier | det |
| 19 | veteran | veteran | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 soldier | amod |
| 20 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 aided | obl:agent |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 vassal | punct |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 vassal | det |
| 23 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 vassal | amod |
| 24 | vassal | vassal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 soldier | appos |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Ataulpho | case |
| 26 | Ataulpho | Ataulpho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 vassal | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 conveyed | punct |
| 28 | conveyed | convey | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 drew | conj |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 conveyed | obj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 distance | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 distance | det |
| 32 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 distance | amod |
| 33 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 conveyed | obl |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 field | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 field | det |
| 36 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 distance | nmod |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 battle | case |
| 38 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 field | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 side | punct |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 side | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 side | det |
| 42 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 conveyed | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 stream | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 stream | det |
| 45 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 stream | amod |
| 46 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 side | nmod |
| 47 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 gushed | nsubj |
| 48 | gushed | gush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 stream | acl:relcl |
| 49 | out | out | ADP | _ | 48 gushed | compound:prt |
| 50 | from | from | ADP | _ | 52 rocks | case |
| 51 | among | among | ADP | _ | 52 rocks | case |
| 52 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 gushed | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 drew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past | a faithful page | Prince | the hoofs of the horses | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent he=Theme from hoof=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | aid | participle | a faithful page not said here | a veteran soldier obl:agent | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | convey | past | a faithful page not said here | Prince | a short distance from the field of battle | by the side of a small stream | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Topic to distance=Recipient | ||
| 4 | gush out | past | a small stream | rocks | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from rock=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/50/