Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 64
Theodomir endeavoured in vain to rally them; they threw by their weapons and fled; and they continued to fly, and the enemy to pursue and slay them, until the darkness of the night.
Who acts: Theodomir, features · What happens: endeavour, rally, throw, flee, continue, fly · To what, where: vain, features, enemy
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Theodomir, features), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Theodomir | Theodomir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 endeavoured | nsubj |
| 2 | endeavoured | endeavour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 vain | case |
| 4 | vain | vain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 endeavoured | obl |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 rally | mark |
| 6 | rally | rally | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 endeavoured | advcl |
| 7 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 rally | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 threw | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 threw | nsubj |
| 10 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 endeavoured | parataxis |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 weapons | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 weapons | nmod:poss |
| 13 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 threw | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 fled | cc |
| 15 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 threw | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 continued | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 continued | cc |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 continued | nsubj |
| 19 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 endeavoured | parataxis |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 fly | mark |
| 21 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 continued | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 enemy | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 enemy | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 enemy | det |
| 25 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 continued | obl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 pursue | mark |
| 27 | pursue | pursue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 enemy | acl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 slay | cc |
| 29 | slay | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 pursue | conj |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 slay | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 darkness | punct |
| 32 | until | until | ADP | _ | 34 darkness | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 darkness | det |
| 34 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 continued | parataxis |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 night | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 night | det |
| 37 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 darkness | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 endeavoured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | endeavour | past | Theodomir | vain | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rally | to-infinitive | Theodomir not said here | features = feature | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | throw | past | features = feature | by features's weapons | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by weapon=Destination | ||||
| 4 | flee | past | features = feature not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | continue | past | features = feature | the enemy | the darkness of the night parataxis | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | fly | to-infinitive | features = feature not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | pursue | to-infinitive | features = feature not said here | the enemy not said here | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | slay | infinitive | features = feature not said here | features = feature | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/64/