Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 10
At hearing these words, Roderick covered his face with his hands, and for some time sat in silence; and all his courtiers stood mute and aghast, and no one dared to speak a word.
Who acts: Roderick, courtiers, one · What happens: hear, cover, sit, stand, dare, speak · To what, where: words, face, silence, word · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roderick, courtiers, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | SCONJ | _ | 2 hearing | mark |
| 2 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 covered | advcl |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 words | det |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hearing | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 hearing | punct |
| 6 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 covered | nsubj |
| 7 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 face | nmod:poss |
| 9 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 covered | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 hands | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 hands | nmod:poss |
| 12 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 covered | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 sat | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 sat | cc |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 time | case |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 time | det |
| 17 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sat | obl |
| 18 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 covered | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 silence | case |
| 20 | silence | silence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sat | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 stood | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 all | cc |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 courtiers | det:predet |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 courtiers | nmod:poss |
| 25 | courtiers | courtier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 stood | nsubj |
| 26 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 covered | conj |
| 27 | mute | mute | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 stood | xcomp |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 aghast | cc |
| 29 | aghast | aghast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 mute | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 dared | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 dared | cc |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 33 one | det |
| 33 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 dared | nsubj |
| 34 | dared | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 stood | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 speak | mark |
| 36 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 dared | xcomp |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 word | det |
| 38 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 speak | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | Roderick not said here | this words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cover | past | Roderick | Roderick's face | with Roderick's hands | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Destination with hand=Theme | |||
| 3 | sit | past | Roderick not said here | silence | time | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in silence=Location | |||
| 4 | stand | past | Roderick's courtiers | mute property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | dare | past | no one | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | speak speech: other | to-infinitive | no one not said here | a word | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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