Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 4
So strange and unlooked-for a calamity filled them with consternation and despair; for it was long since the alarm of war had sounded in their land: and this was a warfare that carried chains and slavery, and all kinds of horrors, in its train.
Who acts: calamity, this, warfare · What happens: fill, be, sound, carry · To what, where: inhabitants, alarm, land, warfare, chains
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calamity, this, warfare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 2 strange | advmod |
| 2 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 unlooked | cc |
| 4 | unlooked | unlooked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 strange | conj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 unlooked | punct |
| 6 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 filled | mark |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 calamity | det |
| 8 | calamity | calamity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 filled | nsubj |
| 9 | filled | fill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 unlooked | advcl |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 filled | obj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 consternation | case |
| 12 | consternation | consternation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 filled | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 despair | cc |
| 14 | despair | despair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 consternation | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 alarm | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 alarm | case |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 alarm | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 alarm | cop |
| 19 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 alarm | advmod |
| 20 | since | since | ADP | _ | 22 alarm | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 alarm | det |
| 22 | alarm | alarm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 strange | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 war | case |
| 24 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sounded | obl |
| 25 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 sounded | aux |
| 26 | sounded | sound | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 alarm | acl:relcl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 land | case |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 land | nmod:poss |
| 29 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sounded | obl |
| 30 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 35 warfare | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 warfare | cc |
| 32 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 35 warfare | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 warfare | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 warfare | det |
| 35 | warfare | warfare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 land | acl:relcl |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 carried | nsubj |
| 37 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 warfare | acl:relcl |
| 38 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 carried | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 slavery | cc |
| 40 | slavery | slavery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 chains | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 kinds | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 kinds | cc |
| 43 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 kinds | det |
| 44 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 warfare | conj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 horrors | case |
| 46 | horrors | horror | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 kinds | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 train | punct |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 train | case |
| 49 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 train | nmod:poss |
| 50 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 warfare | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 strange | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fill | past | a calamity | inhabitants = inhabitant | with consternation and despair | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with consternation=Instrument | |||
| 2 | is | past | calamity | for the alarm; long property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | sound | past · perfect | the alarm not said here | inhabitants's land | of war | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location | |||
| 4 | is a | past | this | a warfare and all kinds of horrors and calamity's train | all kinds of horrors conj; calamity's train conj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | carry | past | a warfare and all kinds of horrors and calamity's train | chains and slavery | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chain=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/14/4/