Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIV., sentence 14
Holding up his withered hand, “Woe, woe to Spain!” exclaimed he, “for the vial of the wrath of heaven is about to be poured out.
Who acts: Woe · What happens: hold up, wither, exclaim, be, pour out · To what, where: withered hand, camp · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIV.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 exclaimed | csubj |
| 2 | up | up | ADP | _ | 1 Holding | compound:prt |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 hand | nmod:poss |
| 4 | withered | wither | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 hand | amod |
| 5 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Holding | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Woe | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Woe | punct |
| 8 | Woe | woe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 exclaimed | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 woe | punct |
| 10 | woe | woe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Woe | appos |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 Spain | case |
| 12 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 woe | nmod |
| 13 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 12 Spain | punct |
| 14 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 woe | punct |
| 15 | exclaimed | exclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 exclaimed | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 about | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 about | punct |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 vial | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 vial | det |
| 21 | vial | vial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 about | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 wrath | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 wrath | det |
| 24 | wrath | wrath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 vial | nmod |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 heaven | case |
| 26 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 wrath | nmod |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 about | cop |
| 28 | about | about | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 exclaimed | advcl |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 poured | mark |
| 30 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 poured | aux:pass |
| 31 | poured | pour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 about | xcomp |
| 32 | out | out | ADP | _ | 31 poured | compound:prt |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 exclaimed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | gerund | camp's withered hand | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme | |||||
| 2 | wither | participle | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | exclaim speech: express | past | Woe | camp | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent he=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | Woe not said here | for the vial of the wrath of heaven; about property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | pour out in a quote | to-infinitive · passive | Woe not said here | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/15/14/