Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIV., sentence 8
They were ten thousand in number, valiant and hardy men, the most experienced of Spanish soldiery, most of them having served in the African wars; they were well armed and appointed also, with the weapons of which the count had beguiled his sovereign; and it was a grievous sight to behold such good soldiers arrayed against their country and their faith.
Who acts: spirits, most, count, grievous sight · What happens: be, experience, serve, arm, appoint, beguile · To what, where: ten thousand, number, valiant men, Spanish soldiery, African wars, spirits
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIV.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirits, most, count, grievous sight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 thousand | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 thousand | cop |
| 3 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 thousand | compound |
| 4 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 61 arrayed | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 number | case |
| 6 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 thousand | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 men | punct |
| 8 | valiant | valiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 men | amod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 hardy | cc |
| 10 | hardy | hardy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 valiant | conj |
| 11 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 number | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 experienced | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 experienced | det |
| 14 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 15 experienced | advmod |
| 15 | experienced | experience | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 men | acl:relcl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 soldiery | case |
| 17 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 soldiery | amod |
| 18 | soldiery | soldiery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 experienced | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 served | punct |
| 20 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 served | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 most | nmod |
| 23 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 served | aux |
| 24 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 soldiery | acl:relcl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 wars | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 wars | det |
| 27 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 wars | amod |
| 28 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 served | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 armed | punct |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 armed | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 armed | aux:pass |
| 32 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 33 armed | advmod |
| 33 | armed | arm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 experienced | conj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 appointed | cc |
| 35 | appointed | appoint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 armed | conj |
| 36 | also | also | ADV | _ | 35 appointed | advmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 weapons | punct |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 weapons | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 weapons | det |
| 40 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 appointed | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 which | case |
| 42 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 beguiled | obl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 count | det |
| 44 | count | count | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 beguiled | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 beguiled | aux |
| 46 | beguiled | beguile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 weapons | acl:relcl |
| 47 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 sovereign | nmod:poss |
| 48 | sovereign | sovereign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 beguiled | obj |
| 49 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 sight | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 sight | cc |
| 51 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 sight | nsubj |
| 52 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 55 sight | cop |
| 53 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 55 sight | det |
| 54 | grievous | grievous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 sight | amod |
| 55 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 arrayed | nsubj |
| 56 | to | to | ADP | _ | 57 behold | case |
| 57 | behold | behold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 55 sight | acl |
| 58 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 soldiers | amod |
| 59 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 soldiers | amod |
| 60 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 behold | obj |
| 61 | arrayed | array | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 62 | against | against | ADP | _ | 64 country | case |
| 63 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 country | nmod:poss |
| 64 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 arrayed | obl |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 faith | cc |
| 66 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 67 faith | nmod:poss |
| 67 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 country | conj |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 61 arrayed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | spirits = spirit | ten thousand | number valiant men | tree rules | |||
| 2 | experience | participle | valiant men not said here | of Spanish soldiery | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | serve | gerund · perfect | most of spirits | Spanish soldiery not said here | the African wars | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent soldiery=Value in war=Location | |||
| 4 | arm | past · passive | spirits = spirit | well property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | appoint | participle | with the weapons | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | beguile | past · perfect · passive | the count | of the weapons; Julian's sovereign obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer sovereign=Result | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | count | a grievous sight | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | behold | infinitive | a grievous sight not said here | such good soldiers | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer soldier=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | array | past | a grievous sight | against spirits's country and spirits's faith | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/15/8/