Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 25
Don Roderick surveyed the field of battle with a rueful eye, for it was covered with the mangled bodies of his most illustrious warriors; he saw, too, with anxiety, that the common people, unused to war, and unsustained by discipline, were harassed by incessant toils and dangers, and were cooling in their zeal and courage.
Who acts: Don, incessant toils · What happens: survey, cover, mangle, see, unsustain, harass · To what, where: field, zeal
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Don, incessant toils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Don | Don | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 surveyed | nsubj |
| 2 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Don | flat |
| 3 | surveyed | survey | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 field | det |
| 5 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 surveyed | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 battle | case |
| 7 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 field | nmod |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 eye | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 eye | det |
| 10 | rueful | rueful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 eye | amod |
| 11 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 battle | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 covered | punct |
| 13 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 16 covered | mark |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 covered | aux:pass |
| 16 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 surveyed | conj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 bodies | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bodies | det |
| 19 | mangled | mangle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 bodies | amod |
| 20 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 covered | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 warriors | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 warriors | nmod:poss |
| 23 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 24 illustrious | advmod |
| 24 | illustrious | illustrious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 warriors | amod |
| 25 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 bodies | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 saw | punct |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 saw | nsubj |
| 28 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 surveyed | parataxis |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 too | punct |
| 30 | too | too | ADV | _ | 28 saw | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 anxiety | punct |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 anxiety | case |
| 33 | anxiety | anxiety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 saw | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 unused | punct |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 unused | mark |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 people | det |
| 37 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 people | amod |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 unused | nsubj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 people | punct |
| 40 | unused | unused | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 saw | conj |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 war | case |
| 42 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 unused | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 unsustained | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 unsustained | cc |
| 45 | unsustained | unsustain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 saw | conj |
| 46 | by | by | ADP | _ | 47 discipline | case |
| 47 | discipline | discipline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 unsustained | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 harassed | punct |
| 49 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 harassed | aux:pass |
| 50 | harassed | harass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 unsustained | conj |
| 51 | by | by | ADP | _ | 53 toils | case |
| 52 | incessant | incessant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 toils | amod |
| 53 | toils | toil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 harassed | obl |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 dangers | cc |
| 55 | dangers | danger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 toils | conj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 cooling | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 cooling | cc |
| 58 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 cooling | aux |
| 59 | cooling | cool | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 surveyed | advcl |
| 60 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 zeal | case |
| 61 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 zeal | nmod:poss |
| 62 | zeal | zeal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 cooling | obl |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 courage | cc |
| 64 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 zeal | conj |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 surveyed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | survey | past | Don | the field of battle with a rueful eye | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cover | past · passive | field | with the mangled bodies of body's illustrious warriors | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with body=Theme | ||||
| 3 | mangle | participle | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | see | past | Don | with anxiety | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | unsustain | participle | Don not said here | by discipline | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | harass | past · passive | incessant toils and dangers | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | cool | past · progressive | Don not said here | people's zeal and courage | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/16/25/