Legends of the conquest of Spain, Traitorous Message of Count Julian., sentence 21
As he passed by the place which had been the scene of the recent conflict, he heard, from time to time, the groan of some expiring warrior who had crawled among the reeds on the margin of the river; and sometimes his steed stepped cautiously over the mangled bodies of the slain.
Who acts: page, place, expiring warrior, steed · What happens: pass, be, hear, expire, crawl, step · To what, where: scene, reeds, mangled bodies
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of Count Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (page, place, expiring warrior, steed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 passed | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 passed | nsubj |
| 3 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 heard | advcl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 place | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 place | det |
| 6 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 passed | obl |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 scene | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 scene | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 scene | cop |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 scene | det |
| 11 | scene | scene | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 place | acl:relcl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 conflict | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 conflict | det |
| 14 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 conflict | amod |
| 15 | conflict | conflict | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 scene | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 passed | punct |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 heard | nsubj |
| 18 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 time | punct |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 time | case |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 heard | obl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 time | case |
| 23 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 time | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 groan | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 groan | det |
| 26 | groan | groan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 time | appos |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 warrior | case |
| 28 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 warrior | det |
| 29 | expiring | expire | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 warrior | amod |
| 30 | warrior | warrior | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 groan | nmod |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 crawled | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 crawled | aux |
| 33 | crawled | crawl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 warrior | acl:relcl |
| 34 | among | among | ADP | _ | 36 reeds | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 reeds | det |
| 36 | reeds | reed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 crawled | obl |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 margin | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 margin | det |
| 39 | margin | margin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 reeds | nmod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 river | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 river | det |
| 42 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 margin | nmod |
| 43 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 stepped | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 stepped | cc |
| 45 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 48 stepped | advmod |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 steed | nmod:poss |
| 47 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 stepped | nsubj |
| 48 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 heard | conj |
| 49 | cautiously | cautiously | ADV | _ | 48 stepped | advmod |
| 50 | over | over | ADP | _ | 53 bodies | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 bodies | det |
| 52 | mangled | mangle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 bodies | amod |
| 53 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 stepped | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 slain | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 slain | det |
| 56 | slain | slain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 bodies | nmod |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past | page | by the place | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by place=Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | past · perfect | the place | the scene | of the recent conflict | tree rules | |||
| 3 | hear | past | page | time | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | expire | gerund | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | crawl | past · perfect | some expiring warrior | the reeds on the margin of the river | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among reed=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | step | past | page's steed | the mangled bodies of the slain | cautiously, sometimes property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over body=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | mangle | participle | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 8 | groan | some expiring warrior | nom groan «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/17/21/