Legends of the conquest of Spain, Traitorous Message of Count Julian., sentence 33
He led his black steed by the bridle to present less mark for observation, as he went stumbling along near the expiring fires of the camp.
Who acts: page · What happens: lead, present, go, stumble, expire, fire · To what, where: black steed, mark, expiring fires, camp
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of Count Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (page), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 led | nsubj |
| 2 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 steed | nmod:poss |
| 4 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 steed | amod |
| 5 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 led | obj |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 bridle | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 bridle | det |
| 8 | bridle | bridle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 led | obl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 present | mark |
| 10 | present | present | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 led | advcl |
| 11 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 12 mark | advmod |
| 12 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 present | obj |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 observation | case |
| 14 | observation | observation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 present | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 went | punct |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 went | mark |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 went | nsubj |
| 18 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 led | conj |
| 19 | stumbling | stumble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 went | xcomp |
| 20 | along | along | ADV | _ | 19 stumbling | advmod |
| 21 | near | near | ADP | _ | 24 fires | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 fires | det |
| 23 | expiring | expire | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 fires | amod |
| 24 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 stumbling | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 camp | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 camp | det |
| 27 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 fires | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | page | page's black steed | by the bridle | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent steed=Theme by bridle=Destination | |||
| 2 | present | to-infinitive | page not said here | mark | for observation | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent mark=Theme for observation=Recipient | |||
| 3 | go | past | page | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | stumble | gerund | page not said here | the expiring fires of the camp | along property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near fire=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | expire | gerund | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | fire | the camp | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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