Legends of the conquest of Spain, Traitorous Message of Count Julian., sentence 4
“Thou hast represented thy countrymen,” said he, “as sunk in effeminacy and lost to all generous impulse: yet I find them fighting with the courage and the strength of lions.
Who acts: defiance, countrymen · What happens: represent, say, sink, lose, find, fight · To what, where: Thou, effeminacy, countrymen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of Count Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (defiance, countrymen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 represented | punct |
| 2 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 represented | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 represented | aux:pass |
| 4 | represented | represent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 said | ccomp |
| 5 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 6 countrymen | nmod:poss |
| 6 | countrymen | countryman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 represented | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 represented | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 represented | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 sunk | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 sunk | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 sunk | mark |
| 14 | sunk | sink | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 said | parataxis |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 effeminacy | case |
| 16 | effeminacy | effeminacy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sunk | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 lost | cc |
| 18 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 sunk | conj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 impulse | case |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 impulse | det |
| 21 | generous | generous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 impulse | amod |
| 22 | impulse | impulse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lost | obl |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 find | punct |
| 24 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 26 find | cc |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 find | nsubj |
| 26 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 find | obj |
| 28 | fighting | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 find | xcomp |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 courage | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 courage | det |
| 31 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fighting | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 strength | cc |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 strength | det |
| 34 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 courage | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 lions | case |
| 36 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 strength | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | represent in a quote | present · passive | Thou | thy countrymen obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | defiance | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | sink in a quote | participle | effeminacy | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | lose in a quote | participle | to all generous impulse | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | find in a quote | present | defiance | countrymen = countryman | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent they=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fight in a quote | gerund | countrymen = countryman not said here | with the courage and the strength of lions | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with courage=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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